Liquid purification or separation – Processes – Treatment by living organism
Patent
1988-01-15
1989-04-18
Wyse, Tom
Liquid purification or separation
Processes
Treatment by living organism
210922, 435877, 4352533, 134 40, C02F 334, E02B 1504
Patent
active
048224901
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
FIELD OF THE ART
The present invention relates to environmental protection, refers to biological recovery of oil-polluted water and soil and, more particularly, to a bacterial composition intended for this specific purpose.
PRIOR ART
The wide-spread pollution of water and soil with oil components observed at present is attributed to the ever-growing volumes of output, transportation, refining and utilization of oil and oil products. Such traditional methods of recovery as mechanical, chemical and physical fail to provide a sufficient degree of recovery of oil-polluted water and soil. Therefore, it has been suggested to achieve this aim by resorting to the recources of Nature itself, i.e. the effect of microorganisms capable of assimilating the hydrocarbons of oil. It has been established by research that in the oil spilled over the sea surface in the form of a film 0.1-0.4 m thick the nonvolatalized components of oil are attacked by various microbes which degrade a considerable proportion of oil within 2-3 months. Besides, it is emphasized by scientific research that the amount of oil decomposed by other organisms or by natural oxidation amounts to one tenth the amount degraded by microbes.
However, in case of heavy pollutions, the process of natural self-recovery of water basins may stretch over a long time, reaching several scores of years. It has been calculated that the rate of biodegradation is 0.5 kg/ha/day so that degradation of 64 000 t of oil spilled after a tanker wreck may take as long as 20 years approximately. Microbial hydrocarbon degradation within intertidal zones impacted by the Amoco Cadiz oil spillage. Atlas R.M., Bronner A. "Amoco Cadiz. Consequences pollut. accident. hydrocarbons. Actes Collog. Int., Brest, 19.22 November 1977 Paris, 1981, pp. 251-256).
Known in the prior art are methods for removal of oil from the water surface by the use of microorganisms and stimulating their activity by introducing the sources of nitrogen and phosphorous into the polluted medium (FRG Application No. 2417431; U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,042,495, 4,087,356). However, the population density of microorganisms of natural biocenoses is so low that even intensive mineral feeding failed to bring about the satisfactory degree and time of oil degradation on water.
A more promising proposition in this field was constituted by application to the polluted area of bacteria cells of the hydrocarbon-oxidizing microorganisms either in the form of pure isolated cultures or a combination of several genera and species of said microorganisms (Microbiological J. 47, No. 2, publ. 1985, E. I. Kvasnikov, T. M. Klushnikova, S. L. Kuberskaya, V. S. Zalevsky, G. F. Smirnova, T. P. Kasatkina, V. I. Svarnik, A. A. Koval "The use of bacteria associations for recovery of oil-polluted bilge water", pp. 12-14).
The difficulties of controlling the quantitative and qualitative composition of bacterial associations denied the possibility of launching the industrial employment of this method.
The widest recognition was given to the use of microorganisms mutants produced by the gene engineering methods.
Such "supermicrobes" exhibiting a high oil-oxidizing activity are capable of degrading small amounts of spilled oil in a short time but fail in cases of massive pollutions which call for longer periods of oil degradation. Thus, it is known, that the life span of the mutant, genus Pseudomonas, is but 7.5 days from the start of multiplication to death, which limits its employment only to a crude oil content in water not exceeding 500 mg/l (European Pat. No. 00077422, IPC C 12 N 1/20, Sept. 26, 1984). In addition, it has been found that the mutants are unstable and apt to lose quickly the properties inoculated to them in natural conditions.
The pure cultures isolated from the natural environment prove to have more stable properties. For example, there is a known strain Pseudomonas putida-36, separated from an oil-polluted area of soil that has remained unrecovered for a long time; said strain is deposited under No. B-2443 in the Central Museum of
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Dyadechko Vladimir N.
Nesterov Ivan I.
Platonova Svetlana V.
Tolstokorova Lidia E.
Wyse Tom
Zapakno-Sibirsky Nauchno-Issledovatelsky Geologorazvedochny neft
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