Radiation imagery chemistry: process – composition – or product th – Color imaging process – Using identified radiation sensitive composition in the...
Reexamination Certificate
1998-10-23
2001-02-13
Schilling, Richard L. (Department: 1752)
Radiation imagery chemistry: process, composition, or product th
Color imaging process
Using identified radiation sensitive composition in the...
C430S434000, C430S444000, C430S510000, C430S512000, C430S525000, C430S527000, C430S523000, C430S531000, C430S533000, C430S534000, C430S536000, C430S537000, C430S930000
Reexamination Certificate
active
06187518
ABSTRACT:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to a backing system for photographic elements. More particularly, the present invention provides a backing layer for photographic film that has less of a propensity to allow the formation of scum on the side opposite the emulsion coated side of photographic film after processing.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
It is customary to include backing layers on the side of a photographic element opposite to the light sensitive layers. Typical properties of such layers include antistatic protection, magnetic recordation, light absorbtion and lubrication. When these features are included in the backing layers, the binder used to contain the functional component may be a hydrophilic binder, such as, gelatin, or a hydrophobic binder, such as a cellulosic material. When hydrophilic materials are used, these layers may become tacky under high humidity conditions and matting agents or backing paper are required to prevent sticking in the wound state. Matting agents on the back may add to the non-uniformity seen in prints, commonly called graininess, and backing paper adds thickness to the wound roll, precluding their use in cassettes.
However, when hydrophobic materials are used as the binder, residue may adhere to the backing after photographic processing, commonly called scum, which may show in the photographic print.
The present invention provides a backing layer that exhibits a lack of high humidity tackiness and a lack of scum deposition after photographic processing.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention is a photographic element which includes a support, at least one silver halide emulsion superposed on a front side of the support and an outermost backing layer superposed on a backside of the support. The outermost backing layer is composed of a hydrophobic binder and a hydrophilic binder wherein the backing layer has an advancing water contact angle of 70 or greater and a receding water contact angle of at least 40 less than the advancing water contact angle.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Photographic elements which can be provided with the backing system in accordance with this invention can differ widely in structure and composition. For example, they can vary greatly in regard to the type of support, the number and composition of the image-forming layers, and the kinds of auxiliary layers that are included in the elements. In particular, the photographic element can be still films, motion picture films, x-ray films, graphic arts films, paper prints or microfiche. They can be black or white elements, color elements adapted for use in a negative-positive process, or color elements adapted for use in a reversal process.
Photographic elements can comprise any of a wide variety of supports. Typical supports include cellulose nitrate film, cellulose acetate film, poly(vinyl acetal) film, polystyrene film, poly(ethylene terephthalate) film, poly(ethylene naphthalate) film, polycarbonate film, glass, metal, paper, polymer coated paper, and the like. The support can be annealed if desired.
The image forming layer or layers of the photographic element typically include a radiation-sensitive agent, e.g., silver halide, dispersed in a hydrophilic water-permeable colloid. Suitable hydrophilic vehicles include both naturally-occurring substances such as proteins, for example, gelatin, gelatin derivatives, cellulose derivatives, polysaccharides such as dextran, gum arabic, and the like and synthetic polymeric substances such as water-soluble polyvinyl compounds like poly(vinylpyrrolidone), acrylamide polymers, and the like. A particularly common example of an image-forming layer is a gelatin-silver halide emulsion layer. Further details can be found in Research Disclosure Number 389, September 1996.
The photographic element of the present invention can contain an electrically conductive layer, which can be a sub layer. The surface resistivity of at least one side of the support is preferably less than 1×10
12
&OHgr;/square, more preferably less than 1×10
11
&OHgr;/square at 25° C. and 20 percent relative humidity. To lower the surface resistivity, a preferred method is to incorporate at least one type of electrically conductive material in the electrically conductive layer. Such materials include both conductive metal oxides and conductive polymers or oligomeric compounds. Such materials have been described in detail in, for example, U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,203,769; 4,237,194; 4,272,616; 4,542,095; 4,582,781; 4,610,955; 4,916,011; and 5,340,676.
The outermost backing layer in accordance with this invention may be positioned over a transparent magnetic recording layer as described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,395,743; 5,397,826; 5,113,903; 5,432,050; 5,434,037; and 5,436,120.
The present invention is also directed to a single-use camera having incorporated therein a photographic material as described above. Single-use cameras are known in the art under various names: film with lens, photosensitive material package unit, box camera and photographic film package. Other names are also used, but regardless of the name, each shares a number of common characteristics. Each is essentially a photographic product (camera) provided with an exposure function and preloaded with a photographic material. The photographic product comprises an inner camera shell loaded with the photographic material, a lens opening and lens, and an outer wrapping(s) of some sort. The photographic materials are exposed in camera, and then the product is sent to the developer who removes the photographic material and develop it. Return of the single-use camera to the consumer does not normally occur, however, the photographic material will be returned.
The photographic processing steps to which the film may be subject may include, but are not, limited to the following:
(1) color developing→bleach-fixing→washing/stabilizing;
(2) color developing→bleaching→fixing→washing/stabilizing;
(3) color developing→bleaching bleach→fixing→washing/stabilizing;
(4) color developing→stopping→washing→bleaching→washing→fixing→washing/stabilizing;
(5) color developing→bleach-fixing→fixing→washing/stabilizing;
(6) color developing→bleaching→bleach-fixing→fixing→washing/stabilizing.
Among the processing steps indicated above, the steps (1), (2), (3), and (4) are preferably applied. Additionally, each of the steps indicated can be used with multistage applications as described in Hahm, U.S. Pat. No. 4,719,173, with co-current, counter-current, and contraco arrangements for replenishment and operation of the multistage processor.
Any photographic processor known to the art can be used to process the photosensitive materials described herein. For instance, large volume processors, and so-called minilab and microlab processors may be used. Particularly advantageous would be the use of Low Volume Thin Tank processors as described in the following references: WO 92/10790; WO 92/17819; WO 93/04404; WO 92/17370; WO 91/19226; WO 91/12567; WO 92/07302; WO 93/00612; WO 92/07301; WO 02/09932; U.S. Pat. No. 5,294,956; EP 559,027; U.S. Pat. No. 5,179,404; EP 559,025; U.S. Pat. No. 5,270,762; EP 559,026; U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,313,243; 5,339,131.
Single-use cameras and their methods of manufacture and use are described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,801,957; 4,901,097; 4,866,459; 4,849,325; 4,751,536; 4,827,298; European Patent Applications 460,400; 533,785; 537,225; all of which are incorporated herein by reference.
The outermost backing layer useful in the practice of the invention may optionally contain antistatic agents, charge control agents, ultraviolet ray absorbers, processing removable dyes, colloidal inorganic particles, magnetic recording particles, and various other additives.
The backing layer useful in the practice of the invention can be applied by any of a number of well-known techniques, such as dip coating, rod coating, blade coating, air knife coating, gravure coating and reverse roll coating, extrusio
Fant Alfred B.
Jones Raymond T.
Sharma Ravi
Eastman Kodak Company
Ruoff Carl F.
Schilling Richard L.
Wells Doreen M.
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