Power plants – Fluid motor means driven by waste heat or by exhaust energy... – With supercharging means for engine
Patent
1989-03-16
1991-05-28
Hart, Douglas
Power plants
Fluid motor means driven by waste heat or by exhaust energy...
With supercharging means for engine
60612, F02B 3700
Patent
active
050183540
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
According to one of its aspects, the invention relates to an auxiliary combustion chamber for an internal combustion engine supercharged by a turbocompressor whose compressor air outlet communicates with the air inlet of the working chambers of the engine and with a bypass pipe provided with throttling means having a variable passage section and whose turbine gas inlet communicates with the gas outlet of said working chambers and with the bypass pipe on the downstream side of said throttling means, which combustion chamber comprises:
a primary combustion zone which is defined by a flame tube and a chamber inner end and communicates with a first cavity connected to the bypass pipe,
a secondary dilution zone located on the downstream side of said primary zone and communicating with a second cavity connected to the gas outlet of the working chambers and whose gas outlet communicates with the gas inlet of the turbine,
an inlet for fuel under pressure which is provided in the chamber inner end and opens onto the primary combustion zone, and
ignition means for the fuel coming from said fuel inlet.
Such an auxiliary combustion chamber is disclosed for instance in FR-A-2,265,979.
An object of the invention is in particular to facilitate the combustion of the fuel in said primary zone, irrespective of the conditions of operation of the auxiliary combustion chamber, to protect the elements of the latter, and in particular those which cooperate in the regulation of the flow of combustion air admitted into said combustion chamber, against an excessive rise in the temperature, and prevent deposits of soot or coke.
To achieve this, the auxiliary combustion chamber defined hereinbefore is substantially characterized in that:
the primary zone has a shape of revolution around an axis and is defined by
the flame tube of cylindrical and/or frustoconical shape, coaxial with said axis, smooth and devoid of air inlet orifices of notable section which may put the primary zone in communication with said first cavity,
the chamber inner end which is movable in a direction parallel to said axis and cooperates with a fixed seat rigid with the flame tube and separating the primary zone from the first cavity in such manner as to constitute with the chamber inner end the throttling means having a variable passage section, and which is constituted by a sleeve connected to a balancing piston, which sleeve and piston are coaxial with said axis, the balancing piston being slidable in a cylindrical bearing portion fixed with the walls of the first cavity, and
the inlet of fuel under pressure is constituted by at least one nozzle which is provided in said sleeve in such manner as to open toward the primary combustion zone, either separately or through a common slot. In the case of a plurality of nozzles, the latter are evenly spaced apart in a plane perpendicular to said axis.
The combustion chamber in question results, as a first advantage, in an economy of air. Indeed, all the fresh combustion air is introduced through the inner end of this chamber. The fresh air ensures the cooling of the flame tube. Consequently, it is no longer indispensable to cool the flame tube by an extraneous air flow through small orifices (the "film cooling" or porous or microperforated wall technique) although the possibility of such orifices is not completly excluded.
A second advantage of the auxiliary combustion chamber according to the invention is the technological simplicity of the flame tube which is a simple smooth tube not provided with orifices for the combustion air or generally for the cooling air. This technological simplicity has a double aspect, that of the great simplicity of manufacture (reduced cost, possibility of constituting this tube by a simple cast part, a ceramic part, etc.) and that of the thermal homogeneity of the material (whereas, in a chamber of conventional type, the orifices result in concentrations of thermal stresses which result in risks of cracking and/or deformation).
A third advantage resides in the facility of the metering
REFERENCES:
patent: 4026115 (1977-05-01), Melchior
patent: 4616481 (1986-10-01), Melchior
patent: 4785635 (1988-11-01), Melchior
Andre Thierry
Melchior Jean
Etat Francais, Represente Par Le Delegue General Pour L'Armament
Hart Douglas
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