Autophobic hairspray compositions

Details Autophobic hairspray compositions Autophobic hairspray compositions

1998-09-29

2001-11-20

Page, Thurman K. (Department: 1615)

Drug, bio-affecting and body treating compositions

Effervescent or pressurized fluid containing

Organic pressurized fluid

C424S043000, C424S045000, C424S070100, C424S070110, C424S070120, C424S070150, C424S070160, C424S070190, C514S772300

Reexamination Certificate

active

06319489

ABSTRACT:

FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to hairspray compositions. More particularly the invention relates to autophobic hairspray compositions, ie those hairspray compositions which incorporate certain types of additive, such as a polymer, which cause the hairspray composition to contract upon drying, thereby improving the hold and sensory feel of the hairspray composition.
BACKGROUND AND PRIOR ART
Conventional hairspray formulations are ethanol based and therefore form highly wetting systems for hair. Coalescence of the aerosol droplets on the hair fibre and subsequent ethanol evaporation to leave solid polymer residue leads to a network of fibre-fibre bonds. The bonding arrangement holds the hairstyle in place. As is typical of a highly wetting system, the droplet morphology of the sprayed formulation on the hair is roughly symmetrical around the fibre with a contact angle of zero or near zero degrees.
There are, however, undesirable consequences in coating hair with polymer, manifesting in perceptions of sensory negatives such as stiffness, rigid feel, stickiness or unnatural feel.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,871,529 describes ethanol solvent-based hairspray compositions which employ a specific type of silicone copolyol which causes the hairspray composition to contract upon drying. This is described as an “autophobic effect” which causes large droplets of the composition to form, and produce larger juncture points between fibres. Localisation of deposits in this way is said to give stronger bonds and greater hold.
In U.S. Pat. No. 4,871,529 the autophobic effect is achieved by a specific type of silicone copolyol, SILWET® L-7602 (ex Union Carbide), a polyethylene oxide modified dimethylpolysiloxane in which the polyalkylene oxide groups are attached along the siloxane backbone through Si—C bonds. SILWET® L-7602 is representative of a class of “alkyl-pendant” type copolyol of the following general formula:
In SILWET® L-7602 specifically, n=0, m≧1 and Z is a methyl radical.
An “alkyl-pendant” silicone copolyol, for the purposes of the description, is a silicone copolyol in which polyalkyleneoxide groups are found scattered at various points, often randomly, along the length of the silicone backbone, from which they are pendant, resulting in “comb-like” structures.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
We have investigated the mode of action of autophobic hairspray formulations on the actual hair fibre, as opposed to the glass slides employed for testing in U.S. Pat. No. 4,871,529. We have found, contrary to the teaching of U.S. Pat. No. 4,871,529 that it is not the molecular structure of the organosilicone copolymer as such that is critical to the autophobic effect. On the contrary, we have found that it is not even critical that the polymer is an organosilicone copolymer.
This was not appreciated in the prior art. Firstly, U.S. Pat. No. 4,871,529 the silicone copolyol SILWET® L-7602, is stated to be unique in that no other dimethicone copolyols tested rendered the compositions autophobic despite their diversity of molecular weight and properties.
We have found instead that autophobic character on the hair fibre is critically dependent on the inclusion of water in the hairspray formulation.
This is surprising since U.S. Pat. No. 4,871,529 advises the minimum amount of water in its systems, if it is present at all, stating that this tends to release the curls in the hair.
Advantageously, by the inclusion of water according to the present invention, it is possible to prepare particularly effective autophobic hairspray formulations which deliver durable hair hold yet reduced sensory negatives such as stiffness and unnatural feel.
Furthermore, the present invention offers greater formulational flexibility as regards the choice of silicone copolyol or other autophobic hairspray additive in the hairspray.
Moreover, with the advent of legislation concerning the volatile organic content of hairsprays, it is increasingly desirable to formulate systems with relatively high water content.
Accordingly in a first aspect the present invention provides the use of at least 0.5% by weight water as an additive in a hairspray composition for the purpose of inducing or enhancing autophobic behaviour in the hairspray composition.
In a second aspect the present invention provides the use of at least 0.5% by weight water as an additive in a hairspray composition for the purpose of inducing or enhancing autophobic behaviour in the hairspray composition, the composition comprising, in addition to the at least 0.5% by weight water:
a) from 0.5% to 10% by weight of a hairspray resin;
b) from 0 to 50% by weight of an aerosol propellant; and
c) from 0.05% to 2% by weight of an autophobic hairspray surfactant or polymer, which is a surfactant or polymer which exhibits autophobic behaviour in conjunction with the at least 0.5% by weight water, and which is selected from the group consisting of:
(i) alkyl-pendant silicone copolyols of formula (I):
where m and n are integers of from 0 to 50, and x and y are integers chosen to give the copolyol a molecular weight of at least 600. Z is hydrogen or a C1-4 alkyl radical;
(ii) dimethicone copolyols of formula (II):
where n is an integer chosen to give the copolyol a molecular weight of at least 600;
x and x′ are integers of from 1 to 12;
a,a′,b,b′ are integers of from 0 to 50, and R is hydrogen or a C1-4 alkyl radical;
(iii) polydimethicone copolyols of formula (III):
where x and n are integers chosen to give the copolyol a molecular weight of at least 500;
y is an integer of from 1 to 12, and a and b are integers of from 0 to 50;
(iv) alkyl ethoxylates; and
(v) fluorosurfactants.
In a third aspect the invention provides a hairspray composition comprising:
a) from 0.5% to 10% by weight of a hairspray resin;
b) from 0 to 50% by weight of an aerosol propellant; and
c) at least 0.5% by weight water; and
d) from 0.05% to 2% by weight of a an autophobic hairspray surfactant or polymer selected from the group consisting of dimethicone copolyols of formula (II) as defined above, polydimethicone copolyols of formula (III) as defined above, alkyl ethoxylates, and fluorosurfactants.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hairspray Resin
The hairspray resins employed in compositions of the present invention should be capable of forming a film and holding the hair of the user in place after evaporation of the volatile components of the hairspray composition.
Hairspray resins are well known articles of commerce and many such resinous polymers are available commercially which contain moieties which render the polymers cationic, anionic, amphoteric or nonionic in nature. To provide optimum sprayability, the polymers employed in hairspray compositions typically range in number average molecular weight of from 5,000 to 100,000 with 10,000 to 50,000 being more preferred. For pump spray use, hairspray resins in the range of number average molecular weight 10,000 to 50,000 are typically employed.
The amount of the resin may range from 0.5 to 10%, preferably 1.5 to 6% by weight of the hairspray composition.
Examples of anionic hairspray resins are copolymers of vinyl acetate and crotonic acid, terpolymers of vinyl acetate, crotonic acid and a vinyl ester of an alpha-branched saturated aliphatic monocarboxylic acid such as vinyl neodecanoate; copolymers of methyl vinyl ether and maleic anhydride (molar ratio about 1:1) wherein such copolymers are 50% esterified with a saturated alcohol containing from 1 to 4 carbon atoms such as ethanol or butanol; and acrylic copolymers, terpolymers, etc., containing acrylic acid or methacrylic acid as the anionic radical-containing moiety and esters of acrylic or methacrylic acid with one or more saturated alcohols having from 1 to 22 carbon atoms such as methyl methacrylate, ethyl acrylate, ethyl methacrylate, n-butyl acrylate, t-butyl acrylate, t-butyl methacrylate, n-butyl methacrylate, n-hexyl acrylate, n-octyl acrylate, lauryl methacrylate and behenyl acrylate, glycols having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms such as hydroxypropyl

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