Drug – bio-affecting and body treating compositions – Effervescent or pressurized fluid containing – Organic pressurized fluid
Reexamination Certificate
1999-03-24
2002-02-26
Bawa, Raj (Department: 1619)
Drug, bio-affecting and body treating compositions
Effervescent or pressurized fluid containing
Organic pressurized fluid
C424S047000, C424SDIG001, C424SDIG002, C424S070110, C514S063000
Reexamination Certificate
active
06350433
ABSTRACT:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to an aerosol hairspray composition to achieve styling with improved sensory attributes at high water levels.
BACKGROUND AND PRIOR ART
Hairspray compositions must meet a number of functional requirements. These include good holding ability and curl retention without giving a harsh, brittle feeling to the hair.
Conventional hairspray formulations are ethanol based and therefore form highly wetting systems for hair. Coalescence of the aerosol droplets on the hair fibre and subsequent ethanol evaporation to leave solid polymer residue leads to a network of fibre-fibre bonds.
There are, however, undesirable consequences in coating hair with polymer, manifesting in perceptions of sensory negatives such as stiffness, rigid feel, stickiness or unnatural feel.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,871,529 describes ethanol solvent-based hairspray compositions which employ a specific type of silicone copolyol which causes the hairspray composition to contract upon drying. This is described as an “autophobic effect” which causes large droplets of the composition to form, and produce larger juncture points between fibres. Localisation of deposits in this way is advantageous since it offers stronger bonds and more durable hold, yet reduced sensory negatives such as stiffness and unnatural feel.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,871,529 advises the minimum amount of water in its autophobic systems, if water is present at all. Increasingly, however, with the advent of legislation concerning the volatile organic content of hairsprays, it is desirable to formulate systems with relatively high water content.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,021,238 (Martino et al.) reports the advance of using dimethyl ether (DME) as a hairspray propellant. DME allows use of water as the only solvent thereby significantly reducing the volatiles problem.
However, with this type of propellant it has proved impossible to achieve an autophobic effect at high water levels.
Alternatively, replacement of chlorofluorocarbons with hydrocarbon propellants has been discussed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,859,455 (Nowak, Jr. et al).
However, a problem with hydrocarbon propellants is that it becomes impossible to achieve a single phase system at high water levels. For example, in a water-hydrocarbon system containing more than 15% hydrocarbon, the composition separates into two phases—an aqueous phase and a hydrocarbon phase.
We have now found that achievement of both an autophobic effect and a single phase system is possible through use of a specific mixture of propellants in combination with a film-forming hairspray resin and an autophobic hairspray additive. Moreover the autophobic effect thus achieved is tolerant to high water levels.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The invention provides a single phase autophobic hairspray composition comprising:
a) from 0.5% to 10% by weight of a film-forming hairspray resin;
b) from 10 to 60% by weight of a propellant including a .mixture of at least one hydrocarbon and a di(C
1
-C
4
alkyl) ether in a weight ratio from 5:1 to 1:10;
c) from 0.01% to 1.0% by weight of an autophobic hairspray additive, being a surfactant or polymer which imparts autophobic behaviour to the hairspray composition, and
d) water.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Film-Forming Hairspray Resin
The hairspray resins employed in compositions of the present invention should be capable of forming a film and holding the hair of the user in place after evaporation of the volatile components of the hairspray composition.
Hairspray resins are well known articles of commerce and many such resinous polymers are available commercially which contain moieties which render the polymers cationic, anionic, amphoteric or nonionic in nature. To provide optimum sprayability, the polymers employed in hairspray compositions typically range in number average molecular weight of from 5,000 to 100,000 with 10,000 to 50,000 being more preferred.
The amount of the resin may range from 0.5 to 10%, preferably 0.75 to 6% by weight of the total composition.
Examples of anionic hairspray resins are:
copolymers of vinyl acetate and crotonic acid;
terpolymers of vinyl acetate, crotonic acid and a vinyl ester of an alpha-branched saturated aliphatic monocarboxylic acid such as vinyl neodecanoate;
copolymers of methyl vinyl ether and maleic anhydride (molar ratio about 1:1) wherein such copolymers are 50% esterified with a saturated alcohol containing from 1 to 4 carbon atoms such as ethanol or butanol;
acrylic copolymers, terpolymers, etc., containing acrylic acid or methacrylic acid as the anionic radical-containing moiety with other monomers such as: esters of acrylic or methacrylic acid with one or more saturated alcohols having from 1 to 22 carbon atoms (such as methyl methacrylate, ethyl acrylate, ethyl methacrylate, n-butyl acrylate, t-butyl acrylate, t-butyl methacrylate, n-butyl methacrylate, n-hexyl acrylate, n-octyl acrylate, lauryl methacrylate and behenyl acrylate); glycols having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms (such as hydroxypropyl methacrylate and hydroxyethyl acrylate); styrene; vinyl caprolactam; vinyl acetate, acrylamide; alkyl acrylamides and methacrylamides having 1 to 8 carbon atoms in the alkyl group (such as methacrylamide, t-butyl acrylamide and n-octyl acrylamide), and other compatible unsaturated monomers. The polymer may also contain grafted silicone, such as polydimethylsiloxane.
One specific example of a suitable anionic hairspray resin is the emulsion polymerised terpolymer of methacrylic acid, n-butyl acrylate and ethyl acrylate (e.g. in a weight percent ratio of 31:42:27, respectively). Another specific example is Ultrahold® 8 (CTFA-Cosmetic, Toiletries and Fragrance Association designation of Acrylate/Acrylamide Copolymer).
Other suitable anionic hairspray resins include carboxylated polyurethanes. Carboxylated polyurethane resins are linear, hydroxyl-terminated copolymers having pendant carboxyl groups. They may be ethoxylated and/or propoxylated at least at one terminal end. The carboxyl group can be a carboxylic acid group or an ester group, wherein the alkyl moiety of the ester group contains one to three carbon atoms. The carboxylated polyurethane resin can also be a copolymer of polyvinylpyrrolidone and a polyurethane, having a CTFA designation PVP/polycarbamyl polyglycol ester. Suitable carboxylated polyurethane resins are disclosed in EP 0 619 111 A1 and U.S. Pat. No. 5,000,955. Other suitable hydrophilic polyurethanes are disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,822,238; 4,156,066; 4,156,067; 4,255,550; and 4,743,673.
Amphoteric polymers which can contain cationic groups derived from monomers such as t-butyl aminoethyl methacrylate as well as carboxyl groups derived from monomers such as acrylic acid or methacrylic acid can also be used in the present invention. One specific example of an amphoteric hairspray resin is Amphomer® (octylacrylamide/acrylates/butylaminoethyl methacrylate copolymer) sold by the National Starch and Chemical Corporation.
Examples of nonionic hairspray resins are homopolymers of N-vinylpyrrolidone and copolymers of N-vinylpyrrolidone with compatible nonionic monomers such as vinyl acetate and terpolymers of ethyl acrylate, butyl methacrylate and methyl methacrylate. Nonionic polymers containing N-vinylpyrrolidone in various weight average molecular weights are available commercially from ISP Corporation such as homopolymers of N-vinylpyrrolidone having an average molecular weight of about 630,000 sold by ISP (formerly GAF Corporation) under the tradename PVP K-90 and those having an average molecular weight of about 1,000,000 sold under the trademark of PVP K-120.
Examples of cationic hairspray resins are copolymers of amino-functional acrylate monomers such as lower alkyl aminoalkyl acrylate or methacrylate monomers such as dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate with compatible monomers such as N-vinylpyrrolidone, vinyl caprolactam, or alkyl methacrylates such as methyl methacrylate and ethyl methacrylate and alkyl acrylates such as ethyl acrylate and n-butyl acrylate.
Cationic resins containing N-vinylpyrrolidone are comm
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Bawa Raj
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Unilever Home & Personal Care USA Division of Conopco, Inc.
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