Cleaning compositions for solid surfaces – auxiliary compositions – Cleaning compositions or processes of preparing – Process of making a soap containing composition by...
Reexamination Certificate
1999-11-10
2002-06-11
Gupta, Yogendra N. (Department: 1751)
Cleaning compositions for solid surfaces, auxiliary compositions
Cleaning compositions or processes of preparing
Process of making a soap containing composition by...
C510S218000, C510S219000, C510S224000, C510S293000, C510S352000, C510S378000, C510S392000, C510S428000, C510S439000, C510S476000, C134S022190
Reexamination Certificate
active
06403551
ABSTRACT:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. The Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to cleaning systems, and, more specifically, methods, apparatus, and compositions for cleaning with water, including compositions and dispensers for controlling concentrations of cleaning agents delivered into water.
2. The Relevant Technology
Chemical cleaning agents, in one form or another, have long been used to remove oil, and particulate matter from a wide variety of articles. Cleaning improves the visual and tactile impression of an article, kills potentially harmful microbes, removes particles that interfere with breathing and vision, and may even extend the life of the article being cleaned. Things such as cookware, homes, automobiles, clothing, and the human body itself stand to benefit from the development of enhanced cleaning agents. Although the present invention contemplates cleaning systems useful for cleaning a wide variety of articles, it is particularly well-adapted for cleaning clothes, as in a washing machine.
Soaps and detergents are two of the most common cleaning agents presently used. While they are often used interchangeably, the words “soap” and “detergent” actually denote different classes of compounds.
Soaps are made by a process of saponification wherein a fatty acid reacts with a base to yield the salt of the fatty acid, i.e., a soap. Soap probably has its origin in reacting animal fats, or lard, with alkaline salts, such as wood ash. Today, they are largely synthesized from animal fats and plant oils. Molecules of soap owe their cleaning capacity to their amphiphilic structure, which includes a hydrophobic portion consisting of a long hydrocarbon chain, and a hydrophilic portion composed of an ionic group at one end of the hydrocarbon chain. Because of the hydrocarbon chain, a molecule of soap is not truly soluble in water. Numerous molecules of soap will suspend in water as micelles, or clusters of molecules with long hydrocarbon chains in the inner portions of the cluster, and ionic, water soluble ends facing the polar water.
Because these micelles form hydrophobic centers, they are able to dissolve other nonpolar substances, like oils. Once the non-polar, oily dirt is dissolved within the micelles of soap, the ionic surfaces of the micelle repel each other, suspending the oil droplets and preventing them from coalescing. In this fashion, dirt and oil become trapped within the water soluble micelles, and wash away with the water.
A primary disadvantage of soaps is that they form insoluble salts (precipitates) with ions found in hard water. These salts, usually formed when Ca++ and Mg++ ions react with the carboxylate ends of soap molecules, precipitate out of solution as bathtub rings, grits, and other deposits. Water softeners that exchange Ca++ and Mg++ ions for more soluble Na+ ions can alleviate most of this problem.
Most laundry products and many household cleansers actually contain detergents, not soaps. A detergent is a compound with a hydrophobic hydrocarbon chain plus a sulfonate or sulfate ionic end (whereas soaps have carboxylic ends). Because detergents also have an amphiphilic structure, they also form micelles and clean in the same fashion as soaps. However, detergents have the advantage that most metal aikylsulfonates and sulfates are water-soluble. Therefore, detergents do not precipitate out of solution with metal ions found in water. As a result, detergents are not inhibited by hard water. In addition, detergents can be synthesized with continuous chain alkyl groups, which are more easily broken down, or biodegraded, into smaller organic molecules by the microorganisms in septic tanks and sewage treatment plants.
A drawback of most detergents is that they contain additives that take much longer to biodegrade. Some components containing phosphates must be treated in plants. Phosphates therefore promote algae growth, chocking bodies of water and streams. Another disadvantage of detergents is that they can leave behind an undersireable residue even after thorough rinsing.
Detergents are currently used in many household appliances, such as dishwashers and washing machines. Presently, a user must measure out a dose of detergent to add to the cleaning appliance before every cleaning cycle. Conventional packaging and use of detergents creates messy clutter, consumes time, and typically results in a waste of detergent from overdosing. In addition, most washing machines for clothing use a separate rinsing cycle in order to remove the residue. Thus, additional time, water, and heat energy are required to complete the washing process.
It would be a great advancement in the art to provide a novel cleaning system that uses a novel non-detergent composition of cleaner that leaves no residue and therefore, requires no rinsing cycle. Another improvement in the art would be to provide a cleaning agent that is completely biodegradable. Still another improvement would be if this cleaning agent were made from all natural materials. It would also be a great advancement in the art to provide a new method for making a non-detergent cleaning agent. It would be another advancement in the art to provide a cleaning agent that cleans better than the detergents presently on the market. Furthermore, it would be an improvement in the art to simplify the cleaning process and ameliorate the resultant mess with improved, preferably measurementfree or automatic, dosing over many cleaning cycles.
OBJECTS AND BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
In accordance with the invention as embodied and broadly described herein, an apparatus, composition, and method are disclosed, in suitable detail to enable one of ordinary skill in the art to make and use the invention. In certain embodiments, an apparatus for dispensing cleaning agents in accordance with the present invention includes a vessel comprising a cavity with a cartridge support for mounting a replaceable cartridge.
In one embodiment, the cartridge comprises a novel composition of cleaning agent for cleaning, and solubility control component for controlling the equilibrium concentration of the cleaning composition in solution, further described below, A water source supplies water into the cavity, and a water feed conveys water from the cavity to a cleaning appliance such as a brush, wand, dishwasher, or washing machine for clothing. The apparatus provides a cleaning agent solution in water to the cleaning appliance.
In one embodiment, the inner cavity (and hence the cartridge) of the canister is flooded with water from a water source. The cartridge then dissolves to an equilibrium concentration within the vessel, thus forming a cleaning solution comprising a cleaning agent and a solubility control component to control the concentration of the cleaning agent. The vessel is then purged of the solution, which enters the water feed to be carried into a cleaning appliance.
Enough cleaning solution should be delivered to the feed, to bring the cleaning composition to cleaning concentration when diluted in the washing appliance. Cleaning concentration is the amount of cleaning composition necessary to clean those items serviced by (e.g. placed within) the cleaning appliance during a wash cycle. In particular, a cleaning concentration for a washing machine is that concentration needed to clean a load of clothing. The amount of cleaning composition delivered to the feed is controlled by the amount of cleaning solution and the cleaning solution's equilibrium concentration. Therefore, the vessel should be configured to receive a predetermined amount of solution, and the solubility control in the cartridge should be configured to dissolve a predetermined equilibrium concentration of cleaning composition in the vessel.
As explained, a composition of cleaner in accordance with the present invention may include a mixture of a cleaning agent and a solubility control agent in a solid state. In some embodiments, the mixture may also comprise an additional alkalinity agent and a water softener. The
Eco-Safe, L.L.C.
Gupta Yogendra N.
Madson & Metcalf
Webb Gregory E.
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