Harvesters – Fruit gatherer
Reexamination Certificate
2000-03-24
2002-03-26
Shackelford, H. (Department: 3671)
Harvesters
Fruit gatherer
C180S435000, C024S2740WB, C024S278000
Reexamination Certificate
active
06360518
ABSTRACT:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
I. Field of the Invention
This invention concerns an automatically adjusting, tree contour tracking, force-balanced shaker brush harvester apparatus for removing fruit from a tree, bush or plant, and methods of harvesting the fruit, controlling the position of the shaker heads and mounting the shaker brushes in the harvester. This invention also includes a mechanism for an automatic control system for the directional control of the steerable wheels of the harvester.
The particular harvester of this invention is a type that straddles a row of crop, for instance, a row of olive trees in an orchard. It is know as an “over-the-row” harvester. It has an elevated frame supported on four wheels and enough width between the wheels to accommodate the orchard trees. For an orchard harvester the supporting frame may be more than eight feet off the ground to allow the harvester to straddle a tree that is wide and tall. The harvester includes substantially vertical shaker brushes having rod or tines that are positioned into the branches of the tree to induce a vibration in the tree. This causes the fruit to be shaken off the tree.
The vibration is generated by a force-balanced drive for each shaker head.
In a particular embodiment of this invention, the automatically adjusting shaker, harvester or the like has a series of leaf springs cantilevered from a central pivot to act as tree contour sensing feelers. The feelers are mounted to a support collar and clamped to a shaft. Their position is adjustable horizontally, vertically, and in length—by replacing a first leaf spring of one length with a second leaf spring of a different length—, to profile the general tree, bush or plant shape, e.g. a conical shaped tree profile. The feelers are adjustable depending on the tree, bush or plant shape profile. For example, the tree profile may comprise more of a vertical hedgerow shape without gaps between the trees. In this situation the length of the feelers may be adjusted. That is, at least some of the feelers are adjusted to be shorter than they would be when set up for picking from a conical shaped tree.
An electrical rotation sensor, such as a potentiometer or alternatively, a linear sensor, is coupled with the shaft that supports the springs or feelers. The sensor detects movement of the springs (also referred to as “feelers,” “spring feelers,” “feeler springs”) carried on the shaft that causes a signal to be sent to a controller. The controller in turn causes a proportional valve to reposition the shaker brush, moving the shaker brush inwardly or more outwardly as needed. The repositioning of the shaker brush drives a potentiometer error signal toward zero, which thus establishes a new equilibrium point between the potentiometer sensing feeler spring supporting shaft position and shaker brush position. This allows for adjustment of the shaker depending on the shape of the tree.
A “time-out” feature is used to shut off hydraulic pressure to the actuator that moves the shaker brush in and out when a constant retract error occurs for more than a set time, e.g. ten seconds. A constant retract (of the shaker brush) condition will occur when the harvester is at the end of a tree row, if there are large distances between trees, or if the harvester is stationary between trees, for instance. When the harvester is at an end of a row the new course taken by the harvester will be void of trees and therefore no sensing is needed. Thus, the spring feelers will, through the sensor carried on the shaft, indicate a “too wide” spacing error between opposed sets of shaker brushes and attempt to retract the shaker head until the error disappears.
After the harvester completes its turn or otherwise starts down the orchard row the error signal will disappear as the spring feeler host shaft will rotate in response to the feeler springs contacting the tree.
The attendant potentiometer will provide an output to the controller. The on board tree sensing and shaker brush adjusting control system will process the output and cause an associated brush actuator, a hydraulic ram, to reposition the shaker brush relative to the sensed tree. The control signal will thus have changed from “retract” to “extend” and the shaker brush will be repositioned accordingly.
For normal travel within the operational parameters of the placement in the orchard, a limit switch or alternatively, a mechanical stop, may be implemented to interrupt a retract signal. The retract signal, overridden by the limit switch, will position the shaker head at a preset position to prevent the shaker head from fully retracting.
Moreover, when the harvester is in a transport mode, where no trees, bushes or plants are to be engaged, the operator can override the limit switch or alternatively override the mechanical stop. Thus, the shaker brushes will remain fully retracted. This results in minimization of the width dimension of the harvester allowing for travel that is more efficient.
The shaker brush position, which is normally controlled during the harvesting operation by the electronic control system, i.e. the controller, operating various hydraulic valve circuits of the harvester, can also be controllable by the harvester operator. He can manually switch the shaker brush control from an “auto” mode to a “jog” mode. In the jog mode, the operator of the harvester can use a jog switch to move and hold each individual shaker brush at a desired position within a range of parameters.
This invention also concerns an automatic steering correction system for a harvester. It is usual to have a harvester equipped with a pair of rail sensors affiliated with a pair of front guide rails. A second pair of rail sensors, located at the rear of the harvester vehicle, is used in this invention to indicate the position of the back end of the harvester. The harvester operator is alerted when the rear wheels are being steered automatically by the control system with indicator lights in the cab of the vehicle. Such automatic steering will happen when the rear guide rail sensors send a signal to the controller that the harvester is not tracking the tree row evenly. Alternatively, the vehicle itself can be programmed to react to an unusual steering situation by an input to a manual input device, for instance, a keyboard input device, that can be used to program the automatic control system. In essence, there is a semi-automatic operation where the operator receives sensory input from the system or fully automatic steering where steering corrections are made automatically without operator control.
II. Description of Related Information
In one style of harvesting, it is known to remove fruit, such as grapes, nuts, citrus fruit and olives, from vines or trees using a shaker brush powered by a force balanced shaker. Present machines travel down one side of a row of trees and harvest olives from that side of the trees. A more complex type of harvester, an “over-the-row” machine, straddles the tree or vines. The profile of the tree is generally conical in shape with appropriate spacing between the trees to allow for the harvesters, tree trimmers, and workers, to complete the work necessary to harvest the crop and maintain optimum health of the trees.
To pick the olives effectively, it is necessary to move the shaker head, in a single head unit that harvests from one side of the tree at a time, or in an over-the-row harvester where two opposed shaker heads are used, toward and away from a tree row centerline to properly engage shaker rods or tines (which make up tree contacting elements of the “shaker brushes”) with the tree as the harvester travels along the row. The trees have what may be termed a front side, that portion of the tree on the side being approached by the harvester shaker and a back side of the tree on the side of the tree away from the approaching harvester. Good shaker contact with the side of the tree is easy. Good shaking contact with the front and the backside of the tree is more difficult. To accomplish harvesting with the shakers known
Caine Kevin M.
Orlando Franklin P.
Scott Phillip R.
Youman Marty D.
Rudy Douglas W.
Shackelford H.
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