Automatic speed switching repeater

Details Automatic speed switching repeater Automatic speed switching repeater

1999-03-24

2003-06-24

Nguyen, Chau (Department: 2663)

Multiplex communications

Pathfinding or routing

Switching a message which includes an address header

C370S465000

Reexamination Certificate

active

06584109

ABSTRACT:

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention.
This invention relates in general to a network device, and in particular, to a network repeater having automatic speed switching capability.
2. Description of Related Art.
Recent advancements in the art of data communications have provided great strides in resource sharing amongst computer systems through the use of networks which offer reliable high-speed data channels. Networks allow versatility by defining a common standard for communication so that information independent of vendor equipment may be exchanged across user applications. As the popularity of networks increase so does the demand for performance. More sophisticated protocols are being established to meet this demand and are utilizing existing twisted pair wires in office buildings so that virtually all computer literate users have access to resources with minimal expense.
As will be appreciated by those skilled in the art, communication networks and their operations can be described according to the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model which includes seven layers including an application, presentation, session, transport, network, link, and physical layer. The OSI model was developed by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and is described in “The Basics Book of OSI and Network Management” by Motorola Codex from Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, Inc., 1993 (First Printing September 1992).
Each layer of the OSI model performs a specific data communications task, a service to and for the layer that precedes it (e.g., the network layer provides a service for the transport layer). The process can be likened to placing a letter in a series of envelopes before it is sent through the postal system. Each succeeding envelope adds another layer of processing or overhead information necessary to process the transaction. Together, all the envelopes help make sure the letter gets to the right address and that the message received is identical to the message sent. Once the entire package is received at its destination, the envelopes are opened one by one until the letter itself emerges exactly as written.
In a data communication transaction, however, each end user is unaware of the envelopes, which perform their functions transparently. For example, an automatic bank teller transaction can be tracked through the multilayer OSI system. One multiple layer system (Open System A) provides an application layer that is an interface to a person attempting a transaction, while the other multiple layer system (Open System B) provides an application layer that interfaces with applications software in a bank's host computer. The corresponding layers in Open Systems A and B are called peer layers and communicate through peer protocols. These peer protocols provide communication support for a users application, performing transaction related tasks such as debiting an account, dispensing currency, or crediting an account.
Actual data flow between the two open systems (Open System A and Open System B), however, is from top to bottom in one open system (Open System A, the source), across the communications line, and then from bottom to top in the other open system (Open System B, the destination). Each time that user application data passes downward from one layer to the next layer in the same system more processing information is added. When that information is removed and processed by the peer layer in the other system, it causes various tasks (error correction, flow control, etc.) to be performed.
The ISO has specifically defined all seven layers, which are summarized below in the order in which the data actually flows as they leave the source:
Layer
7
, the application layer, provides for a user application (such as getting money from an automatic bank teller machine) to interface with the OSI application layer. That OSI application layer has a corresponding peer layer in the other open system, the bank's host computer.
Layer
6
, the presentation layer, makes sure the user information (a request for $50 in cash to be debited from your checking account) is in a format (i.e., syntax or sequence of ones and zeros) the destination open system can understand.
Layer
5
, the session layer, provides synchronization control of data between the open systems (i.e., makes sure the bit configurations that pass through layer
5
at the source are the same as those that pass through layer
5
at the destination).
Layer
4
, the transport layer, ensures that an end-to-end connection has been established between the two open systems and is often reliable (i.e., layer
4
at the destination confirms the request for a connection, so to speak, that it has received from layer
4
at the source).
Layer
3
, the network layer, provides routing and relaying of data through the network (among other things, at layer
3
on the outbound side an address gets slapped on the envelope which is then read by layer
3
at the destination).
Layer
2
, the data link layer, includes flow control of data as messages pass down through this layer in one open system and up through the peer layer in the other open system.
Layer
1
, the physical interface layer, includes the ways in which data communications equipment is connected mechanically and electrically, and the means by which the data moves across those physical connections from layer
1
at the source to layer
1
at the destination.
The primary standard for Local and Metropolitan Area Network technologies is governed by IEEE Std.
802
. IEEE Std.
802
describes the relationship among the family of
802
standards and their relationship to the ISO OSI Basic Reference Model. Generally, IEEE Std.
802
prescribes the functional, electrical and mechanical protocols, and the physical and data link layers for Local and Metropolitan Area Networks (LAN/MAN) The specification augments network principles, conforming to the ISO seven-layer model for OSI, commonly referred to as “Ethernet”. In the hierarchy of the seven-layer model, the lowest layers, the so-called physical and data link layers, comprise functional modules that specify the physical transmission media and the way network nodes interface to it, the mechanics of transmitting information over the media in an error-free manner, and the format the information must take in order to be transmitted.
While there are several LAN technologies in use today, Ethernet is by far the most popular. The definitions of an Ethernet Repeater functions are contained in the IEEE 802.3 specification, which is herein incorporated by reference. This standard defines attributes which can be used by a management function within an IEEE 802.3 Ethernet Repeater to monitor network behavior.
The vast majority of computer vendors today equip their products with 10 Mbps Ethernet attachments, making it possible to link all manner of computers with an Ethernet LAN. Nevertheless, the need for faster data transmission has led to the development of Fast Ethernet standards which carry Ethernet frames at 100 Mbps. When the IEEE standardization committee began work on a faster Ethernet system, two approaches were presented. One approach was to speed up the original Ethernet system to 100-Mbps, keeping the original CSMA/CD medium access control mechanism. This approach is called 100BASE-T Fast Ethernet.
Another approach presented to the committee was to create an entirely new medium access control mechanism, one based on hubs that controlled access to the medium using a “demand priority” mechanism. This new access control system transports standard Ethernet frames, but it does it with a new medium access control mechanism. This system was further extended to allow it to transport token ring frames as well. As a result, this approach is now called 100VG-AnyLAN.
The IEEE decided to create standards for both approaches. The 100BASE-T Fast Ethernet standard described here is part of the original 802.3 standard, which was incorporated by reference earlier. The 100VG-AnyLAN system is standardized under a new number: IEE

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