Chemical apparatus and process disinfecting – deodorizing – preser – Analyzer – structured indicator – or manipulative laboratory...
Patent
1998-10-28
2000-08-15
Chin, Christopher L.
Chemical apparatus and process disinfecting, deodorizing, preser
Analyzer, structured indicator, or manipulative laboratory...
422 62, 422 63, 422 64, 422 65, 422 99, 422104, 422236, 422312, 422919, 422920, 422936, 4352861, 4352862, 4352871, 4352872, 4352881, 4352882, 4353041, 435809, 436 43, 436 47, 436 48, 436 49, G01N 2520, G01N 2100, G01N 3500, C12M 302
Patent
active
061031933
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
TECHNICAL FIELD
This invention relates to an automatic immunoassay and an apparatus for the same which are capable of effectively and automatically performing an immunoassay by the use of an antigen-antibody reaction for an assay of a particular substance in a sample.
BACKGROUND ART
Conventionally known immuno assay using an antigen-antibody reaction include a one step or a two step noncompetitive sandwich method, and a competitive method.
Now, description will be given of an assay embodied in the one step non-competitive sandwich method for assaying the amount of an antigen contained in a sample, such as blood collected from a patient as a test sample. A sample to be assayed is added into a reaction cuvette. The reaction cuvette is previously charged with an antibody (hereinafter referred to as a "solid phase antibody") bound to an insoluble carrier (solid phase) such as the inside surface of a plastics cuvette or plastics particles, and an antibody (hereinafter referred to as "labeled antibody") bound to a labeling substance, such as a radioactive substance, a fluorescent substance, or an enzyme. In the reaction cuvette, an antigen contained in the sample reacts with the solid phase antibody and, as a result of this antigen-antibody reaction (immuno-reaction), an antigen-antibody complex is formed. At the same time, the labeled antibody is combined with the antigen-antibody complex, thus forming a complex composed of three components sandwiched together, namely, the solid phase antibody, antigen and labeled antibody.
Thus, the labeling substance of the labeled antibody is bound to the solid phase with the agency of the antigen in the sample.
Then, a process is performed to separate an excessive labeled antibody which is other than the labeling substance bound to the solid phase and which has not been bound to the antigen added into the reaction cuvette, and antibody components which have not taken part in the immuno-reaction (this operation being hereinafter referred to as "B/F separation"). Finally, the amount of the labeling substance proportional to the amount of the antigen bound to the solid phase is quantitatively assayed by a physical or a chemical technique by making use of properties of the labeling substance, thereby to determine the antigen concentration in the sample.
On the other hand, the two-step non-competitive sandwich method is an assay of the class wherein to a reaction cuvette previously charged with a solid phase antibody alone, a sample is added to perform a first reaction, and after that a labeled antibody is added into the reaction cuvette so as to perform a second reaction.
In other words, the sample is added into the reaction cuvette which is previously charged with the solid phase antibody (or a reagent containing therein the solid phase antibody). As a consequence, a particular antigen in the sample is bound and fixed to an insoluble carrier via an immuno-reaction with the solid phase antibody. Unreacted components that have caused no immuno-reaction are removed from the reaction cuvette through the B/F separation. Then, the labeled antibody is added into the reaction cuvette to cause an immuno-reaction through which a complex consisting of the solid phase antibody, the antigen, and the labeled antibody is formed. Unreacted components and residue are removed from the reaction cuvette via the B/F separation.
The foregoing operation is followed by an assay in which the amount of the complex bound to the insoluble carrier is assayed by quantitative determination of the amount of the labeling substance in the same manner as the aforesaid one-step method, so as to determine the antigen concentration of the sample.
Apart from the noncompetitive sandwich methods, the so-called competitive method is also known in which an antigen (generally referred to as "labeled antigen") which is labeled in advance with a labeling substance, and an antigen in a sample are competitively reacted with the aforesaid solid phase antibody.
According to the competitive method, the sample is put into r
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Ikeda Eiji
Iwahashi Kyoichi
Kawamura Toshimi
Sato Mitsutoshi
Chin Christopher L.
Do Pensee T.
Kintner Arent Fox
Sanko Junyaku Co. Ltd.
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