Data processing: speech signal processing – linguistics – language – Speech signal processing – Application
Reexamination Certificate
2006-02-10
2009-06-30
Smits, Talivaldis Ivars (Department: 2626)
Data processing: speech signal processing, linguistics, language
Speech signal processing
Application
C700S094000, C704S200100, C380S252000
Reexamination Certificate
active
07555432
ABSTRACT:
Audio steganography methods and apparatus using cepstral domain techniques to make embedded data in audio signals less perceivable. One approach defines a set of frames for a host audio signal, and, for each frame, determines a plurality of masked frequencies as spectral points with power level below a masking threshold for the frame. The two most commonly occurring masked frequencies f1and f2in the set of frames are selected, and a cepstrum of each frame is modified to produce complementary changes of the spectrum at f1and f2to correspond to a desired bit value. Another aspect of the invention involves determining a masking threshold for a frame, determining masked frequencies within the frame having a power level below threshold, obtaining a cepstrum of a sinusoid at a selected masked frequency, and modifying the frame by an offset to correspond to an embedded data value, the offset derived from the cepstrum.
REFERENCES:
patent: 5893067 (1999-04-01), Bender et al.
patent: 6061793 (2000-05-01), Tewfik et al.
patent: 7035700 (2006-04-01), Gopalan et al.
patent: 7058570 (2006-06-01), Yu et al.
patent: 7277871 (2007-10-01), Suzuki et al.
patent: 2003/0036910 (2003-02-01), Van Der Veen et al.
patent: 2003/0176934 (2003-09-01), Gopalan et al.
patent: 2004/0204943 (2004-10-01), Kirovski et al.
patent: 2005/0159831 (2005-07-01), Gopalan et al.
Nedeljko Cvejic, “Algorithms for audio watermarking and steganography”, Thesis, University of Oulu, Finland, 2004.
Cui et al, “The Application of Binary Image In Digital Audio Watermarking”, IEEE Int. Conf. Neural Networks and Signal Processing, Nanjing, China, 2003.
Alsalami et al, “Digital Audio Watermarking: Survey”, De Montfort University, UK, 2003.
Pam, “Audio Watermarking”, Research report, University of Auckland, New Zealand, 2003.
Gopalan et al. “Covert speech communication via cover speech by tone insertion”, IEEE, Proceeding of Aerospace Conference, 2003.
W. Bender et al., “Techniques for Data Hiding,”IBM Systems Journal, vol. 35, Nos. 3 & 4, pp. 313-336, 1996.
M. D. Swanson, et al., “Multimedia Data-Embedding and Watermarking Technologies,” Proc. IEEE, vol. 86, pp. 1064-1087, Jun. 1998.
R.J. Anderson et al., “On the Limits of Steganography,”IEEE Journal of Selected Areas in Communications, vol. 16, No. 4, pp. 474-481, May 1998.
N. Cvejic et al, “Audio Watermarking Using m-Sequences and Temporal Masking,” Proc. 2001 IEEE Workshop on the Applications of Signal Processing to Audio and Acoustics, pp. 227-230, Oct. 2001.
K. Gopalan et al., “Covert Speech Communication Via Cover Speech by Tone Insertion,” Proc. 2003 IEEE Aerospace Conference, vol. 4, pp. 1647-1653, Mar. 2003.
K. Gopalan, “Audio Steganography Using Bit Modification,” Proc. IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, (ICASSP '03), vol. 2, pp. 421-424, Apr. 2003.
S.K. Lee et al., “Digital Audio Watermarking in the Cepstrum Domain,”IEEE Trans. Consumer Electronics, vol. 46, pp. 744-750, Aug. 2000.
X. Li et al., “Transparent and Robust Audio Data Hiding in Cepstrum Domain,”Proc. IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo,(ICME 2000), New York, NY, 2000.
C.-T. Hsieh et al., “Blind Cepstrum Domain Audio Watermarking Based on Time Energy Features,” 14th International Conference on Digital Signal Processing, 2002, vol. 2, pp. 705-708, Jul. 2002.
K. Gopalan, “Cepstral Domain Modification of Audio Signals for Data Embedding: Preliminary Results,” Proc. of SPIE, Security, Steganography, and Watermarking of Multimedia Contents VI, San Jose, CA, Jan. 2004.
Bahret William F.
He Jialong
Purdue Research Foundation
Smits Talivaldis Ivars
LandOfFree
Audio steganography method and apparatus using cepstrum... does not yet have a rating. At this time, there are no reviews or comments for this patent.
If you have personal experience with Audio steganography method and apparatus using cepstrum..., we encourage you to share that experience with our LandOfFree.com community. Your opinion is very important and Audio steganography method and apparatus using cepstrum... will most certainly appreciate the feedback.
Profile ID: LFUS-PAI-O-4136906