Fluid sprinkling – spraying – and diffusing – Weather control
Reexamination Certificate
1998-05-13
2001-06-05
Morris, Lesley D. (Department: 3752)
Fluid sprinkling, spraying, and diffusing
Weather control
Reexamination Certificate
active
06241160
ABSTRACT:
TECHNICAL FIELD
The present invention relates to an apparatus that uses the solar energy accumulated and transported by atmospheric water vapor, to generate air convection passages through an inversion layer. More specifically, to an apparatus that cyclically releases bellow an atmospheric inversion layer, large dry air bubbles warmer than the surrounding air, to cut air convection passages in the inversion layer, and to allow the air trapped below it to rise naturally.
BACKGROUND ART
The Atmosphere physics reveals how the temperature of the troposphere decreases with the increase in altitude, with the warm air close to the ground level constantly rising until its temperature drops to that of the surrounding air. When under special conditions, this altitude/air temperature relationship is changed, such as when a cool, stable air mass is trapped below a relatively warmer and also stable air, it creates an atmospheric condition known as an “inversion layer”.
In areas affected by this atmospheric condition, the vertical air current that mixes the polluted air from the lower altitude with the relatively cooler and cleaner air at the higher altitude is suppressed. This will result in the accumulation of a high concentration of pollutants bellow the inversion layer, and the formation of the photochemical smog.
Photochemical smog originates from nitrogen oxides and hydrocarbon vapors emitted by industry, automobiles, and other sources, which then undergo photochemical reactions in the lower atmosphere. The highly toxic ozone gas arises from the reaction of nitrogen oxides with hydrocarbon vapors in the presence of sunlight, and some nitrogen dioxide is produced from the reaction of nitrogen oxide with sunlight. The resulting smog causes a light-brownish coloration of the atmosphere, reduced visibility, plant damage, irritation of the eyes, and respiratory distress.
The amount of time the smog generating substances are trapped below an atmospheric inversion layer plays a major role in the formation of photochemical smog. The photochemical reactions require the presence of light for at least four to six hours.
It is the objective of the present invention, to use the energy of the atmospheric water vapor, to de-stabilize an atmospheric inversion layer and to disperse the air pollutants concentrated below the inversion layer in time to prevent photochemical reactions and smog formation.
A search of the prior art did not disclose any patents that uses the latent energy of the atmospheric water vapor trapped below an inversion layer to cyclically generate large thermal air bubble as a way to de-stabilized the inversion layer, however, the following U.S. patents are considered related:
U.S. Pat. No.
INVENTOR
ISSUED
3,974,756
Long
Aug. 17 1976
5,295,625
Redford
Mar. 22 1994
Long teaches an apparatus and method for field burning and fog or smog control. In certain agricultural areas, crops that have been harvested and before the next season are normally burned to sterilize the land and decontaminate the area of unwanted seeds and vermin. The normal method is to simply burn the residual vegetation from the field. The smoke containing particulate matter is dispersed at a low altitude, creating a menace to the urban population. Long's invention utilizes a long, segmented, high altitude flue of flexible light-weight material, suspended vertically by a gas-filled balloon. The flue tapers upwards from an extremely large bottom opening through which the smoke enters. The stack is adjustable in height and is made of fireproof material. A rigid wall enclosure elevated above the ground level and refire grids of refractory materials are used to minimize the escape of combustible materials. Cables connects both the enclosure and balloon, and are held by winch equipped ground vehicles.
Redford teaches a long, hollow, cylindrical apparatus suspended in the atmosphere that continuously promotes convective air movement inside it, as a way to gather, transport and distribute condensed water from the water vapor present in the air moving inside. The apparatus is held in the atmosphere by circular ring balloons positioned along its height. The Apparatus' operational altitude in the atmosphere is controlled by a vertical cable wound on a motorized reel attached to the ground. A balloon enclosure suspends the upper part of apparatus' convective lifting column as well as a tubular sleeve containing water condensation surfaces. These condensation surfaces can condense the water present in the water vapor moving inside the apparatus. This water can be dispersed as a controlled rain for micro climate control purposes.
DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION
The apparatus and function of the present invention are directed to employing a large diameter, tall, hollow, air transport shuttle, suspended in the atmosphere by a large diameter helium ring balloon positioned around shuttle's body, and a vertical cable to connect the air transport shuttle to an altitude control winch.
The air transport shuttle is designed to hold a large volume of air inside its body and to isolate the air inside from the surrounding atmosphere.
Using the best accumulator and vehicle to transport solar energy—the atmospheric water vapor—the apparatus addresses current major ecological problems on a scale never before attempted. As an inversion layer de-stabilizer, the apparatus loads a large volume of humid air located in or below an atmospheric inversion layer, and shuttles it to high altitudes in the atmosphere for the purpose of heating and de-humidifying. The large quantity of caloric energy released naturally into the air inside the apparatus during the en-mass water vapor condensation process, is used to heat the air inside the apparatus.
When the apparatus returns to an altitude below the inversion layer, it releases one or more large diameter “thermal” bubbles, that are dryer and warmer than the surrounding air. These “thermal” bubbles, will rise rapidly in the atmosphere, and will “cut” air convection passages in the inversion layer above. These “holes” will permit the air trapped below to rise naturally through the inversion layer.
The apparatus is using a 100% renewable, cost-effective alternative source of energy, to de-stabilize an atmospheric inversion layer and to disperse the air pollutants concentrated below it in time to prevent photochemical reactions and smog formation. The apparatus can also be used to alleviate frost, and to disperse fog. When equipped with an optional equipment that converts the water droplets into condense water, the apparatus can facilitate water formation in non-raining clouds, and can control the atmosphere's composition above of a limited geographic area. In its most basic form the apparatus comprising:
an air transportation means, for loading and vertically transporting a volume of air between two different altitudes in the atmosphere,
a suspending means for holding and elevating the air transportation means in the atmosphere, and
an altitude control means for controlling the ascending and descending speed as well as the position of the air transportation means in the atmosphere.
The effect of the apparatus shuttling air vertically through an atmospheric temperature inversion layer between two different altitudes, will de-stabilize this temperature inversion layer by creating air convection passages varying from 100 to 1000 feet in diameter.
To explain how and why the apparatus works, a review of some atmosphere physics is in order.
Water vapor comprises up to 4% of the earth's atmosphere by volume (about 3% by weight) near the surface. Water vapor is supplied to the atmosphere by evaporation from surface water or by transpiration from plants. Water vapor is a dry gas resembling other atmospheric gases as long as it remains gaseous. The “moisture-holding” capacity of the atmosphere is indicated by the relative humidity. This expresses the actual moisture content of a volume of air, as a percentage of quantity of water vapor contained in the same volume of saturated air at the sam
Cota Albert O.
Douglas Lisa Ann
Morris Lesley D.
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