Miscellaneous active electrical nonlinear devices – circuits – and – Signal converting – shaping – or generating – Synchronizing
Patent
1994-07-01
1995-05-23
Callahan, Timothy P.
Miscellaneous active electrical nonlinear devices, circuits, and
Signal converting, shaping, or generating
Synchronizing
327141, 327185, 327333, H03L 700, A03K 3284
Patent
active
054184070
ABSTRACT:
The disclosure concerns asynchronous to synchronous synchronizers and particularly a technique which involves level shifting of a metastable voltage either within a synchronizer stage or between synchronizer stages. In a particular implementation of the invention, this level shifting is achieved by altering the relative proportions of at least one complementary pair of devices in a synchronizer or inserting diodes in order to shift the level of a metastable voltage outside the range of a fatal voltage window possessed or exhibited by an adjacent or following part or stage of the synchronizer. By this means, although the occurrence of a metastable condition cannot be avoided, the likelihood of propagation of the metastable condition throughout the synchronizer may be very significantly reduced.
REFERENCES:
patent: 4103188 (1978-07-01), Morton
patent: 4544851 (1985-10-01), Conrad et al.
patent: 4745302 (1988-05-01), Hanawa et al.
patent: 4796004 (1989-01-01), Rich et al.
patent: 4851710 (1989-07-01), Griona
patent: 5122694 (1992-06-01), Bradford et al.
Lindsay Kleeman & Antonio Cantoni, "Metastable Behavior in Digital Systems," IEEE Design & Test of Computers, Top-Down Layout for Custom Design Applications of Inverter-Free PLAs, 1987 Annual Index, Dec. 1987, pp. 4-19.
Stoll, How to Avoid Synchronization Problems VLSI Design, Nov./Dec. '82, pp. 56-57 and 59.
Kleeman, et al. Metastable Behavior in Digital Systems IEEE Design and Test of Computers, Dec. '87, pp. 4-19.
Flannagan, Synchronization Reliability in CMOS Technology IEEE Journal of Solid State Circuits, vol. SC-20, No. 4 Aug. 1985; pp. 880-882.
Horstmann, et al. Metastability Behavior of CMOS ASIC Flip-Flops in Theory and Test IEEE Journal of Solid State Circuits, vol. 24, No. 1; Feb. 1989; pp. 146-157.
Kim, et al. Metastability of CMOS Latch/Flip-Flop IEEE Journal of Solid State Circuits, vol. 25, No. 4; Aug. 1990; pp. 942-951.
Nootbar et al., Minimizing the Effect of Metastability in BiCMOS Circuit Design EDN Sep. 8, 1990; pp. 141-146.
Gabara, et al., Metastability of CMOS Master/Slave Flip-Flops IEEE 1991 Custon Integrated Circuits Conference pp. 29.4.1-29.4.6.
Masteller, Design a Digital Synchronizaer with a Low Metastable-Failure Rate EDN Apr. 25, 1991, pp. 169-174.
Rosenberger, et al., Comments on "Metastability of CMOS Latch/Flip-Flop" IEEE Journal of Solid State Circuits, vol. 27, No. 1, Jan. '92.
Callahan Timothy P.
Horton Bowles
Tran Toan
VLSI Technology Inc.
LandOfFree
Asynchronous to synchronous particularly CMOS synchronizers does not yet have a rating. At this time, there are no reviews or comments for this patent.
If you have personal experience with Asynchronous to synchronous particularly CMOS synchronizers, we encourage you to share that experience with our LandOfFree.com community. Your opinion is very important and Asynchronous to synchronous particularly CMOS synchronizers will most certainly appreciate the feedback.
Profile ID: LFUS-PAI-O-2141872