Music – Instruments – Stringed
Reexamination Certificate
2002-11-27
2004-10-12
Hsieh, Shih-Yung (Department: 2837)
Music
Instruments
Stringed
C084S308000, C084S309000, C084S298000, C084S274000
Reexamination Certificate
active
06803510
ABSTRACT:
TECHNICAL FIELD
The present invention relates to the field of stringed musical instruments; particularly, to an asymmetrical stringed instrument bridge that improves the sound generated by such instruments.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Musicians have long-recognized the need for innovations to improve the sound generated from musical instruments. Many musical instruments have remained relatively unchanged in design and quality of sound generated since their advent. Such long-felt needs have been particularly prevalent in the field of stringed instruments and more particularly bowed string instruments such as the violin family, including, but not limited to, the violin, viola, cello, and bass violin.
A violin generally consists of a sounding box having two sound holes and a neck. Four strings extend from the distal end of the neck to a tailpiece. The strings are attached to individual tuning pegs at the distal end of the neck. The tailpiece is attached to the sounding box and secures the strings. The strings are supported near the center of the violin by a bridge. The bridge generally rests on the sound box through two feet known as the bass foot and the treble foot. When properly tuned, the four strings of the violin produce approximately 20 pounds of force straight down through the bridge to the sounding box. A bass bar consisting of a strip of wood is glued to the inside of the sounding box and runs lengthwise below the bass foot of the bridge.
Additionally, a vertical post located inside the sounding box transmits vibrations between the two major surfaces of the sounding box, generally known as the belly plate and the back plate. The bridge is supported by the belly plate, sometimes referred to as the top plate. The vertical post is known as the sound post and is held between the belly plate and back plate by friction. In most violins the sounding post is located approximately 5 to 6 millimeters below the treble foot of the bridge, however this location varies with the type of stringed instrument and the particular construction.
The close proximity of the treble foot to the sound post restricts the motion of the treble foot. Therefore, the bass foot is much easier to move up and down. In other words, the top of the sound box, i.e. the belly plate, is more rigid near the treble foot of the bridge and more elastic near the bass foot of the bridge. Therefore, as a violin string is driven from side to side by a bow, the bridge tends to pivot about the treble foot. The importance of the bridge's pivoting motion in the resulting sound has not been optimized in prior bridge designs.
The importance of the violin bridge has long been recognized. The bridge holds and supports the strings of the instrument and transmits some of the energy of the strings vibrations from the strings to the body of the instrument. Such vibrations then pass to the belly plate through the bass bar and to the back plate through the sound post. The bridge is not fastened to the sounding box in any way and is held in place by the forces exerted on the bridge by the four strings. The transmission and resonant qualities of the bridge determine the tonal qualities and volume of the instrument. Traditionally, violin makers have believed that the transmission and resonant qualities of the bridge play an important role in determining the tonal qualities and volume of the instrument.
Traditionally, bridges have been symmetric in design. Prior art bridges of the traditional style are illustrated in U.S. Pat. No. 3,120,145 to Weinreich, U.S. Pat. No. 4,023,459 to Strait, U.S. Pat. No. 4,286,494 to Jaquith, U.S. Pat. No. 4,354,416 to Strait, and U.S. Pat. No. 4,389,917 to Tiebout. Symmetrical bridge designs do not fully optimize the qualities of the individual strings, as the strings all vibrate at different frequencies and amplitudes. Symmetric bridge designs do not allow for optimization of the various vibrations created by the frequencies of the individual strings to be transferred to the instrument either by way of those vibrations traveling through the bridge, as is the case with the minor vibrations, or by way of actual movement of the bridge, as is the case with the major vibrations, upon it's pivotal point, the treble foot.
While musicians have long “tuned” their bridges by removing wood from various places on the bridge, they have always placed an emphasis on keeping the bridge symmetrical. In fact, U.S. Pat. No. 4,389,917 to Tiebout illustrates that the prior art has emphasized a belief that a symmetrical design with a central pivot point is essential to a bridge's performance. Additionally, the prior art, including the '917 patent, have taught that there must be a minimum distance above the highest opening in a bridge for a violin to work properly.
Accordingly, the art has needed a means for improving the musical qualities of a violin and increasing the power of the instrument by uniquely considering the qualities of each string of the instrument and considering the elasticity of the sound box. Prior art devices have failed to recognize the importance of the actual movement of the bridge as a whole. While some of the prior art devices attempted to improve the state of the art of string instrument bridges, none has achieved an asymmetrical design that considers individual string qualities, improves the transfer of vibrational energy, and optimizes the actual movement of the bridge, that is easy to manufacture and provides the qualities of the present invention. With these capabilities taken into consideration, the instant invention addresses many of the shortcomings of the prior art and offers significant benefits heretofore unavailable. Further, none of the above inventions and patents, taken either singly or in combination, is seen to describe the instant invention as claimed.
SUMMARY OF INVENTION
In its most general configuration, the present invention advances the state of the art with a variety of new capabilities and overcomes many of the shortcomings of prior devices in new and novel ways. In its most general sense, the present invention overcomes the shortcomings and limitations of the prior art in any of a number of generally effective configurations. In one of the many preferable configurations, the asymmetrical stringed instrument bridge incorporates, among other elements, an integral member having a centroid, a string mounting edge, a foot edge, a treble edge, and a bass edge. The asymmetrical stringed instrument bridge is adapted to rest on a belly plate of a violin, or other stringed instrument, and support a plurality of strings, including treble and bass strings, and transfer vibrational energy of the plurality of strings to the belly plate.
The asymmetrical stringed instrument bridge of the present invention is unique in that treble edge and the bass edge are asymmetric about the centroid, center of gravity, or any point on the integral member allowing more efficient transfer of the energy from the strings to the violin. The string mounting edge is adapted to releasably receive the plurality of strings. The string mounting edge is important in that it is the only point upon which the strings contact the asymmetrical stringed instrument bridge.
The string mounting edge may be formed with at least one horizontal tuning recess. The at least one horizontal tuning recess allows the asymmetrical stringed instrument bridge to vibrate more at the top of the bridge than traditional bridge designs. In one exemplary embodiment, the string mounting edge is formed to include a horizontal tuning recess between each pair of strings, resulting in a total of three horizontal tuning recesses. The added flexibility near the string mounting edge improves the sound generated and the amount of energy transferred by the asymmetrical stringed instrument bridge, while still allowing the strings to work together. Prior attempts to improve the vibrational qualities of bridges near the string mounting edge have involved thinning out the bridge in the vicinity of the string mounting edge, often result
Dawsey David J.
Gallagher Michael J.
Gallagher & Dawsey Co. L.P.
Hsieh Shih-Yung
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