Food or edible material: processes – compositions – and products – Product with added plural inorganic mineral or element...
Reexamination Certificate
1999-10-29
2001-04-10
Pratt, Helen (Department: 1761)
Food or edible material: processes, compositions, and products
Product with added plural inorganic mineral or element...
C426S002000, C426S074000, C426S108000, C426S120000, C426S590000, C426S656000, C426S810000
Reexamination Certificate
active
06214390
ABSTRACT:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to physical fitness, more particularly, to nutrient beverage formulations for consumption before and after a physical exercise session.
2. The Prior Art
It is well known that the availability of water is critical to the maintenance of plasma volume and regulation of body temperature during exercise, and that carbohydrate availability is necessary for the maintenance of muscle glycogen, the major source of energy for working skeletal muscle. The failure to attended to these requirements of exercise may result in negative effects on performance or detrimental effects on health.
While it is known that the fluids and nutrients that are lost during exercise must be replenished, it is generally assumed that instinctive responses, such as hunger and thirst, are sufficient to prompt an individual to ingest the appropriate fluids and nutrients at appropriate times and in appropriate amount to fulfill the needs of exercise. However, this is not the case. Surveys have disclosed that knowledge of fluid requirements is lacking, even among serious athletes. Moreover, it has been shown that thirst is unreliable for determining how much fluids to drink, or when to drink them. Blunted thirst sensation is known to occur with exercise, and thirst can be quenched before the body completely rehydrates. Fluid losses can accumulate over several days of exercise to produce a state of hypohydration.
About one liter of water per hour is typically lost in sweat during average exercise, and it is advisable for individuals to deliberately replace such fluids. This is preferably accomplished by both anticipating fluid loss prior to exercise and replacing fluids lost after exercise.
Glucose derived from storage in muscle as glycogen is established to be the major fuel for most types of exercise, and it is advantageous to promote muscle glycogen storage. Carbohydrate replacement soon after exercise has been found to facilitate recovery of muscle glycogen after exercise, and delay of carbohydrate consumption for even two hours after exercise can reduce the rate of recovery by 50%.
Application Ser. No. 08/997,406, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,013,290 incorporated herein by reference, points out that single beverage formulations alone fail to accomplish preexercise hydration, rehydration after exercise, and postexercise replenishment of muscle glycogen, and discloses the use of a packaged regimen of preformulated beverages to teach users, enhance convenience, and encourage compliance with these objectives. Application Ser. No. 08/997,406 discloses the use of dilute carbohydrate beverages for before exercise and beverages with carbohydrate concentration of greater than about 20% for after exercise. Not disclosed, however, are postexercise formulations containing lesser carbohydrate concentrations which are now known to be sufficient to accomplish muscle glycogen replacement.
The data disclosed in J. L. Ivy,
Glycogen Resynthesis after Exercise: Effect of Carbohydrate Intake,
19 Intl. J. Sports Medicine 142-5 (1998), published subsequent to the Dec. 23, 1997 filing of application Ser. No. 08/997,406 indicates that carbohydrate supplement in excess of 1.0 gram/kilogram (g/Kg) of body weight consumed immediately after exercise maximizes glycogen resynthesis, and the data of B. B. Yaspelkis and J. L. Ivy,
The Effect of a Carbohydrate-Arginine Supplement on Postexercise Carbohydrate Metabolism,
9 (3) Intl. J. Sports Nutrition 241-50 (September 1999) discloses that the addition of arginine in the amount of 0.08 g/Kg of body weight to carbohydrate in the amount of 1.0 g/Kg of body weight following exercise may further increase the availability of glucose for glycogen storage recovery. Earlier findings of K. M. Zawadzki et al.,
Carbohydrate-Protein Complex Increases the Rate of Muscle Glycogen Storage after Exercise,
72 (5) J. Applied Physiology 1854-9 (May 1992) also suggest enhancement of postexercise muscle glycogen with the addition of protein to carbohydrate ingested following exercise.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
An object of the present invention is to provide a person with a combination of nutrient beverage formulations and a regimen for their use prior to and after an exercise session lasting approximately one hour or less.
Another object is to provide a person with a combination of nutrient beverage formulations formulated to enhance performance during an exercise session and to reduce the detrimental physiological effects of the exercise after the session.
Yet another object is to provide a person with a combination of nutrient beverage formulations preformulated to work together in an optimal fashion by application of scientifically-derived data.
A further object is to provide a person with a combination of nutrient beverage formulations that is convenient and simple to use.
The present invention includes a regimen that comprises two different formulations containing fluids and nutrients and a program for use of the formulations before and after an exercise session. Each formulation is designed for the needs of a different phase of exercise and for compatibility with each other, something that is outside of the expertise of an ordinary user.
The present invention teaches a method and device for instructing a user, enhancing convenience, and encouraging compliance with exercise supplementation, which employs a hydrating preexercise beverage, a hydrating and muscle glycogen replenishing postexercise beverage, and indicia and instructions for coordinating the use of such a regimen. The preexercise beverage has a carbohydrate concentration of not more than about 9%, and the postexercise beverage has a carbohydrate concentration of at least about 13%.
Other objects of the present invention will become apparent in light of the following drawings and detailed description of the invention.
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patent: 5587190 (1996-12-01), Guezennec et al.
patent: 5780094 (1998-07-01), King
patent: 5817364 (1998-10-01), Olin
patent: 6013290 (2000-01-01), Weinstein et al.
patent: WO 88/01248 (1988-02-01), None
J.L. Ivy, Glycogen Resynthesis After Exercise: Effect of Carbohydrate Intake, 19 Intl. J. Sports Medicine 142-5 (1998).
B.B. Yaspelkis III and J.L. Ivy, The Effect of a Carbohydrate-9 Intl. J. Sports Nutrition 241-50 (Sep. 1999).
K.M. Zawadzki et al., Carbohydrate-Protein Complex Increases the Rate of Muscle Glycogen Storage After Exercise, 72(5) J. Applied Physiology 1854-59 (May 1992).
B.J. Lyle et al., Hydration and Fluid Replacement, in Sports Nutrition for the 90s, 175 (J.R. Benning et al. eds, 1991).
J.E. Greenleaf, Problem: Thirst, Drinking Behavior, and Involuntary Dehydration, 24 Med. Sci. Sports Exercise 645 (1991).
J.L. Ivy et al., Muscle Glycogen Synthesis After Exercise: Effect of Time of Carbohydrate Ingestion, 64 J. Applied Physiology 1480 (1988).
Schmier David
Weinstein Allan M.
Weinstein Robert E.
Morse, Altman & Martin
Pratt Helen
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