Internal-combustion engines – Charge forming device – Charge-mixing device in intake
Patent
1995-01-13
1996-10-15
Kamen, Noah P.
Internal-combustion engines
Charge forming device
Charge-mixing device in intake
F02M 2900
Patent
active
055644023
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
This invention refers to an arrangement for the pressure atomization of liquid fuel preferably with an atomizer nozzle charged with pressurized fuel, and to a process relating thereto.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Pressure atomization of liquid fuels is known from heating and motor vehicle technology. The efficiency of the combustion depends, in addition to other parameters such as the droplet size of the fuel mist produced on an adequate supply of oxygen being available for the combustion process. The air feed to the flame, however, is fundamentally limited by the nitrogen sheath forming around the flame, isolating the flame region to a certain degree.
An atomizer nozzle and a process for the ultrasonic atomization of liquid fuel that are similar to the arrangement and the process according to claims 1 and 18, respectively, are known from the U.S. Pat. No. 3,977,604. A disc-shaped ultrasonic oscillator is used therein for improving the atomization and the combustion efficiency. The disc-shaped oscillator is arranged in a cloud chamber, spaced from the inner wall of the same. At its bottom the cloud chamber has an outlet with an annular ultrasonic oscillator. The fuel fed centrally to the disc-shaped oscillator is atomized at its upper face, so that a fuel mist is produced, leaving the cloud chamber at its bottom via the outlet and a main nozzle attached thereto.
The ultrasonic atomization has certain advantages over the conventional pressure atomization. The fuel mist distinguishes itself by a smaller average droplet size. The fuel feed can take place via a dosing pump working at normal pressure, which is substantially simpler and less expensive than the high-pressure pump with pressure regulator necessary in a pressure atomizer. Finally, the droplet size can be adjusted via the frequency of the ultrasonic oscillator as a function of the viscosity of the fuel (special edition of `Keramische Zeitschrift` (29) No. 1/1977 "Flussigkeitszerstaubung mit piezokeramischen Ultraschall-Schwingern" (Atomization of Liquids using Piezoceramic Ultrasonic Oscillators)).
As in ordinary pressure atomization, the combustion efficiency in the use of ultrasonic atomizers is also limited in that the combustion, i.e. the flame cone, can not be supplied with an adequate quantity of air or oxygen.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The invention is based on the object of increasing the efficiency of the pressure atomization of liquid fuel, particularly with an atomizer nozzle, and in particular to solve the problem of how more air or oxygen can be introduced into the flame cone of the combustion.
This object is carried out as given in claims 1 and 18 and can be advantageously further developed in accordance with the subclaims.
According to the invention, an element excited with a certain frequency, preferably a piezoelectric or magnetically excited ultrasonic oscillator, is used to transform the liquid fuel into a sort of foam. The oscillator in this connection does not serve for the conventional production of droplets in the liquid-gas interface, but rather for a quasi opposite process in which microscopic volumes of air are drawn into the liquid. To what extent this phenomenon as well can be explained by the capillary wave hypothesis is of lesser significance in the present context. What is decisive is that with the arrangement and/or the process according to the invention a nucleation of the air in the liquid fuel can be achieved. The consistency of this air-fuel mixture can be most nearly described as foam-like.
This fuel foam is conveyed under pressure in a conventional manner to a specially designed atomizer nozzle and is atomized and combusted there in a conventional manner. The combustion efficiency is enormously increased by the air released in the flame cone itself; temperatures of up to 2000 C. have been measured in the flame cone. As a result of the high temperatures virtually no water vapor develops; the harmful nitrogen oxides developing in motor vehicle engines can be reduced by more than 80%. T
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patent: 4123481 (1978-10-01), Herold et al.
patent: 4227817 (1980-10-01), Gerry
patent: 5026167 (1991-06-01), Berliner, III
Kamen Noah P.
PPV-Verwaltungs-AG
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