Miscellaneous active electrical nonlinear devices – circuits – and – Signal converting – shaping – or generating – Electromagnetic pulse forming
Patent
1996-05-07
1997-10-07
Callahan, Timothy P.
Miscellaneous active electrical nonlinear devices, circuits, and
Signal converting, shaping, or generating
Electromagnetic pulse forming
327114, 327164, 327168, 333 20, H03K 402, H03K 1774
Patent
active
056752750
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Sampling oscilloscopes are usually used for the oscillographic display of electrical signals having very fast rise times in the pico- or subpico- range. By sampling a repetitive, periodic signal in a manner staggered over time, the wave form of this signal is reconstructed in a time scale which is slower by an order of magnitude. Sampling is done using sampling gates, which are activated by high-frequency needle pulses. For reasons of symmetry, a needle pulse train and an exactly symmetrical needle pulse train which is inverted with respect thereto are frequently required for this purpose.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The object of the invention is to specify an arrangement for the generation of a high-frequency needle pulse train and of an inverted needle pulse train.
In general terms the present invention is an arrangement for generating a high-frequency needle pulse train and an inverted needle pulse train. A switch, which can be controlled by a clock signal, has a first output connected to one end of a first conductor having a length L and to a first resistor to which a positive operating voltage is applied. A second output of the switch is connected to one end of a second conductor, which is identical to the first conductor and which has a length L, and to a second resistor to which a negative operating voltage is applied. The other end of the first conductor is connected to a first terminal of a first diode. The other end of the second conductor is connected to a first terminal of a second diode which is biased oppositely to the first diode. A second terminal of the first diode is connected to a third resistor, which is connected to ground, and to a terminal of a first capacitor. A second terminal of the second diode is connected to a fourth resistor, which is connected to ground, and to a terminal of a second capacitor. A second terminal of the first capacitor is connected to a fifth resistor, which is connected to ground and via which the needle pulse train can be outputted. A second terminal of the second capacitor is connected to a sixth resistor, which is connected to ground and via which the inverted needle pulse train can be outputted.
Advantageous developments of the present invention are as follows.
The controllable switch is a transistor.
The needle pulse width is set via the length L of the conductors.
One or more of the first, second, third and fourth resistors are respectively replaced by one or more coils.
Each of the first conductor and the second conductor is an asymmetrical line. The asymmetrical line is coaxial cable or a microstrip line.
The first conductor and the second conductor together form a symmetrical line. The symmetrical line has two striplines, one two-wire line or one coplanar line.
The first and the second conductor have the same electrical effect, the first and the second diode have the same electrical effect, the third and fourth resistors have the same electrical effect, the first and second capacitors, have the same electrical effect, and the fifth and sixth resistors have the same electrical effect.
The arrangement is used for signal sampling in periodic events.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The features of the present invention which are believed to be novel, are set forth with particularity in the appended claims. The invention, together with further objects and advantages, may best be understood by reference to the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in the several Figures of which like reference numerals identify like elements, and in which:
FIG. 1 shows one possible embodiment of the arrangement according to the invention, and
FIG. 2 shows a timing diagram associated with the arrangement shown in FIG. 1.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
In the arrangement which is shown in FIG. 1 and is used for the purpose of generating the needle pulse trains P.sub.1 and P.sub.2, the switch T is in the off state during the charging phase LPH indicated in FIG. 2. The conductor L.sub.1 is cha
REFERENCES:
patent: 3173020 (1965-03-01), Seeds
patent: 3997843 (1976-12-01), Wohlers
patent: 4158784 (1979-06-01), Curtice
Internatiionale Elektronische Rundschau, vol. 24, No. 7, W. Pfeiffer, "Erzeugung von Rechteckimpulsen mit Avalanche-Transistoren" dated Jul. 1970, pp. 178-180.
Journal of Physics E Scientific Instruments, vol. 17, No. 3, Georgi et al, A 5kV nanosecond-risetime pulse generator gating an electro-optical shutter, Mar. 1984, pp. 204-207.
Heide Patric
Schwarte Rudolf
Callahan Timothy P.
Le Dinh T.
Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
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