Liquid purification or separation – Plural distinct separators – Filters
Patent
1996-02-09
1999-01-05
Kim, John
Liquid purification or separation
Plural distinct separators
Filters
210 85, 2101952, 210201, 210223, 210252, 210258, 2103216, 21032165, B01D 6100, B01D 6510, B01D 1500
Patent
active
058557822
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
This application is a 371 of PCT/EP94/02644 filed 8/10/94.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
Arrangement for the elimination of substances from fluids
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The invention is directed to an arrangement for the elimination of substances from fluids in particular blood which comprises in the first circuit wherein the fluid to be treated flows, an attachable membrane filter and in whose secondary, for example, filtrate side there is a suspension containing an adsorbent for binding those substances passing through the membrane.
The elimination of patho-physiologically relevant substances can be carried out with extra corporeal systems, wherein membrane filters and adsorption procedures may be utilized. Included in such processes there may particularly be mentioned hemodialysis, high-flux hemodialysis, hemofiltration, membrane plasma separation, hemoperfusion and plasma perfusion. For special purposes, for example, the therapy of liver failure, hybrid systems which comprise the provision of special cell types such as hepatocytes, are in clinical trial. For example, such therapeutic procedures are utilized for chronic kidney insufficiency, acute exogenic intoxication, acute and chronic liver insufficiency, endotoxin shock, metabolic disturbances, hyperlipidemia, and auto immune diseases. With respect to the presently known pathophysiologically relevant substances, one is concerned with a substantial spectrum of different substances having different chemical (protein-lipid-waterbound, hydrophilic, hydrophobic) and different physical properties (molecular size, molecular weight) for which reason different procedures must be utilized.
DISCUSSION OF THE PRIOR ART
In order to eliminate substances such as LDL-cholesterol, endotoxins, antibodies, antigens, and protein/lipid bound materials in a selective manner, it is preferred to utilize adsorption protected procedures. The disadvantages of such systems is as follows:
The difficulty of applying a system which guaranties blood contact because of the problem of blood compatibility, in particular where finely divided adsorbents are concerned.
With plasma perfusion as is illustrated in FIG. 1, a filtrate is pumped out from filter (1) through exit (6) into the secondary circuit (12) by pump (13). The filtered plasma then flows through a capsule (41) which contains particles binding the effective material. Then the cleaned plasma flows back to the patient 31 through primary circuit (11). This procedure is very costly economically and technologically. Because of the limited binding capacity of particles in capsule (41), it is necessary to regenerate or flop them out during the use under clinical conditions.
While it is desirable to utilize the smallest possible particles since these give rise to the largest surface area, however, the use of such smaller particles in capsule (41) leads to higher packing densities and thus to higher flow resistance which give rise to a very substantial pressure drop between input (42) and output (43).
Furthermore, because of the plasma removal in filter (1), there is a thickening of the blood in vicinity of the exit of the membrane filter which gives rise to risks of blood clot formation.
Because a mechanically reliable binding of the particles in capsule (41) cannot be absolutely guarantied, for safety reasons a further filter is provided before input into the patient through input (9).
Where there are utilized suspensions containing adsorptive material in the known procedures (for example, biologic DT, PCT WO93/15825 Ash and U.S. Pat. No. 5,078,885, Matsomura) reliance is principally made on the known principles of diffusion. Therein there are either utilized selective procedures such as the use of asymmetrically constructed membranes in combination with the correspondingly formed and therefore very expensive adsorbent particles or the use of expensive pumping systems to obtain the pulsing forwarding and turn over of the suspension. Thus, both procedures are associated with high costs.
An arrangement for the elimination of
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Falkenhagen Dieter
Loth Fritz
Schima Heinrich
Behr Esq. Omri M.
Kim John
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