Drug – bio-affecting and body treating compositions – Preparations characterized by special physical form – Biocides; animal or insect repellents or attractants
Reexamination Certificate
2000-12-01
2003-02-25
Naff, David M. (Department: 1651)
Drug, bio-affecting and body treating compositions
Preparations characterized by special physical form
Biocides; animal or insect repellents or attractants
C071S001000, C071S011000, C071S903000, C424S116000, C504S101000, C504S113000, C504S116100, C504S118000
Reexamination Certificate
active
06524600
ABSTRACT:
INTRODUCTION
1. Field of the Invention
The field of the invention is agriculture, particularly fertilizers.
2. Background
In agriculture, it is often desirable to use land that is not initially optimal in terms of soil fertility. Fertilizers have been developed for use on such land. Fertilizers are materials that are used to supply elements needed for plant nutrition. Fertilizer materials may be in the form of solids, semi-solids, slurry suspensions, pure liquids, aqueous solutions and gases. Fertilizing materials may be introduced into a plant s environment in a number of different ways, including through addition to the soil, through application directly to a plant s foliage, and the like. The use of fertilizers is critical to commercial agriculture as fertilizers are essential to correct natural deficiencies and/or replace components in soil. A number of different types of fertilizer compositions have been developed and employed in agriculture. However, there is continued interest in the development of new fertilizer compositions.
Another problem encountered by farmers and other agricultural workers is soil infestation with deleterious pests and/or pathogens. A variety of synthetic chemical pesticides have been developed over the years to treat pest or pathogen infested soils. While such synthetic chemicals have been used with success, their use is not without controversy. Specifically, there is increasing public concern over the potential link between pesticide use and human disease conditions. As such, there is continued interest in the identification of new compositions which are capable of controlling soil borne pests or pathogens.
Relevant Literature
U.S. Patents of interest include: U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,549,729; 5,582,627; 5,696,094; 5,797,976; the disclosure of which are herein incorporated by reference.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Soil amendment compositions and methods for their use are provided. The subject compositions are aqueous compositions that include a predisposing agent, a carbon skeleton energy component and a vitamin-cofactor component. The subject compositions find use in a variety of different applications, including: the control of soil borne pests or pathogens; the neutralization and/or degradation of toxins; the improvement of soil characteristics, e.g. water permeability; the improvement of soil fertility; etc.
DESCRIPTION OF THE SPECIFIC EMBODIMENT
Aqueous compositions and methods for their use in soil amendment applications are provided. The subject compositions include a predisposing agent, a carbon-skeleton energy (CSE) source and a vitamin co-factor component. The subject compositions find use in a variety of different soil amendment applications, where such applications include: reducing the population of soil borne pests or pathogens; neutralizing or degrading soil toxins; improving soil characteristics; improving soil fertility; and the like. In further describing the invention, the compositions are described first in greater detail followed by a discussion of representative soil amendment methods in which the subject compositions find use.
Before the subject invention is described further, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the particular embodiments of the invention described below, as variations of the particular embodiments may be made and still fall within the scope of the appended claims. It is also to be understood that the terminology employed is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments, and is not intended to be limiting. Instead, the scope of the present invention will be established by the appended claims.
In this specification and the appended claims, the singular forms “a,” “an” and “the” include plural reference unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood to one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs.
A feature component of the subject aqueous compositions is the predisposing agent. By predisposing agent is meant an agent which can traverse the membranes of a target pest or pathogen and thereby weaken the pest or pathogen physiology by virtue of denaturation of key enzymes (e.g. cytochrome oxidase) and/or proteins, and the like. A variety of different compounds are capable of fulfilling the above functional requirements and thereby serving as predisposing agents. As such, predisposing agents of interest include: aromatic amino acids, e.g. tyrosine, phenylalanine, tryptophan; phenols and derivatives and general products or reactants of the Shikimic Acid Pathway, e.g. cinnamic acid, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, coumaric acid, catechuic acid, ferulic acid, chorismic acid, quinic acid, gallic acid, gallotannins, scopeletin, dicoumarol, preocenes, phytoalexins such as orchinol, phaseolin, pisatin, isocoumarin, and the like; lignin alcohols e.g. coniferyl, sinapyl, p-coumaryl; flavonoids e.g. cyanidin, anthocyanidin, pelargonidin, delphinidin, malidin, peonidin, petunidin; flavonols and flavones; betalains e.g. betacyanin, betalain, betaxanthin; alkaloids e.g. caffeine, nicotine, theobromine; limonene-1-Methyl-4-(1-Methylethenyl)cyclohexene; p-mentha-1,8-diene; lignosulfonates, e.g. calcium lignosulfonate, potassium lignosulfonate, sodium lignosulfonate, ammonium lignosulfonate; and the like. Also of interest as predisposing agents are members and/or products of the pentose phosphate pathway, as well as derivatives or analogues thereof, where representative agents of interest include, but are not limited to: glucose-6-phosphate; D-Glucono-1,5-lactone 6-phosphate; 6-Phospho-D-gluconate; D-Ribulose 5-phosphate; ribose-5-phosphate; fructose-6-phosphate; glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate; NADPH; and the like.
The subject compositions may include a single predisposing agent or a plurality of different predisposing agents. When a plurality of different predisposing agents are employed, the number of different predisposing agents may range from about 2 to 6, usually from about 2 to 5 and more usually from about 2 to 4.
The total amount of predisposing agent(s) that is present in the subject compositions is sufficient to achieve the desired weakening in the target pest or pathogen present in the soil. Generally, the amount present in the composition is sufficient to achieve a concentration in the soil following treatment ranging from about 5 to 650 ppm, usually from about 10 to 350 ppm and more usually from about 25 to 200 ppm. The amount of predisposing agent present in the composition may vary depending on whether the composition is to be applied as is to the soil or diluted prior to application, e.g. where the composition is a concentrate, as described infra. However, in many embodiments, the total amount of predisposing agent present in the composition ranges from about 5 to 75, usually from about 10 to 60 and more usually from about 15 to 60% w/w of the composition.
A particularly preferred predisposing agent in many embodiments of the invention is a lignosulfonate. Lignosulfonates of interest include: calcium lignosulfonate, potassium lignosulfonate, sodium lignosulfonate, ammonium lignosulfonate; and the like. The lignosulfonate is generally present in the composition in an amount that is sufficient to achieve a concentration in the soil following application that ranges from about 5 to 650 ppm, usually from about 10 to 350 ppm and more usually from about 25 to 200 ppm. In many embodiments, the amount of lignosulfonate present in the composition ranges from about 5 to 75% w/w, usually from about 10 to 50% w/w and more usually from about 15 to 60% w/w of the composition. Lignosulfonates are generally available from Westway Terminal, Stockton Calif.; PM Ag, Stockton Calif.; Georgia Pacific, Bellingham Wash.; and the like.
Also of particular interest as a predisposing agent is gallic acid. When present, gallic acid is present in an amount sufficient to achieve a soil concentration ranging from about 0.05 to 5.0 ppm, usually from about 0.1 to 5.0 ppm and more usually fro
Bozicevic Field and Francis LLP
Field Bret E.
Naff David M.
Ware Deborah K.
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