Synthetic resins or natural rubbers -- part of the class 520 ser – Synthetic resins – At least one aryl ring which is part of a fused or bridged...
Reexamination Certificate
1997-08-15
2001-11-20
Reddick, Judy M. (Department: 1713)
Synthetic resins or natural rubbers -- part of the class 520 ser
Synthetic resins
At least one aryl ring which is part of a fused or bridged...
C524S548000, C524S555000, C524S556000, C524S558000
Reexamination Certificate
active
06319977
ABSTRACT:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to ambient curing, film-forming acid-amine latex compositions These latex compositions have low levels of volatile organic compounds, and provide dry films having good resistance properties and durability. More particularly, the latex compositions of the present invention produce polish and coating compositions which exhibit improved properties such as black heel and scuff mark resistance and mar resistance. In addition, polish and coatings compositions produced from the latex compositions of the present invention exhibit detergent resistance and removability characteristics similar to conventional metal ion crosslinked aqueous-based polymers.
In polish and coating applications, durability, toughness, and detergent resistance are important characteristics which must be balanced against ease of removability. This balance has historically been maintained by the use of transition metal complex crosslinked polymers (metal crosslinked polymers). These types of polymers can be readily formulated into single package polish and coating systems. The advantages of these metal crosslinked polymers is offset by the environmental concerns surrounding the use of heavy metal crosslinking agents and the relatively high amounts of volatile organic compounds necessary in coating or polish compositions formulated with these types of polymers.
In response to these concerns, various non-metal crosslinked aqueous based polymers have been developed for coating and polish compositions. To date, the overall performance of these types of polymers in coating and polish applications has been far inferior to the performance of the metal crosslinked polymers. The only exception has been the use of certain multiple package systems of these non-metal crosslinked polymers, which provide performance equivalent to that obtained using the metal crosslinked polymers. Aside from the drawbacks of using a multiple package system where the end user must mix at least two components together prior to using the coating or polish composition, the use of these systems is impractical because the resultant coatings lack sufficient film removability properties.
A solution to the detergent resistance and removability properties of non-metal crosslinked, single package aqueous based polymers is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,428,107 (Tysak et al.). In this patent, the disclosed coating composition contains a polymer made with acid-functional monomer and having acetoacetate groups, which is post-treated with an amino-functional silane. While this composition can be used to produce durable, zinc-free coatings with a good detergent resistance/removability balance, it still contains relatively high levels of volatile organic compounds.
Another solution to the detergent resistance and removability properties of non-metal crosslinked, single package aqueous based polymers is provided in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 07/464,844 filed Feb. 12, 1996 (Gray et al.). Gray et al. disclose a metal-free coating composition that is cross-linked before film formation and that contains selectively swellable emulsion polymer functionalities. While this composition can be used to produce durable, zinc-free coatings with a good detergent resistance/removability balance, it also contains relatively high levels of volatile organic compounds.
STATEMENT OF THE INVENTION
The present invention is directed to an amine-strippable, detergent resistant aqueous polish composition comprising a self-crosslinking, ambient curing, film-forming acid-amine latex, said latex comprising between 0.5 and 12.5 wt % total acid functionality and between 1.0 and 22.5 wt % total amine functionality, based on the total monomer weight.
Such compositions of the present invention are preferably those wherein the latex is essentially free of polyvalent metal ionic crosslinkers, and preferably wherein the amount of volatile organic compounds is 8 wt % or less.
The present invention is also directed to a process for improving the mar resistance, scuff mark resistance, black heel mark resistance, and scratch resistance of a flooring substrate, comprising applying to the substrate an amine-strippable, detergent resistant aqueous polish composition of the present invention, and allowing the composition to cure and form a protective film on such flooring substrate.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
As used in this specification, the following terms have the following definitions, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. “Latex” or “latex composition” refers to a dispersion of a water-insoluble polymer which may be prepared by conventional polymerization techniques such as, for example, by emulsion polymerization, and “resin” refers to the polymer in the latex. “Acid-amine polymer” or “acid- and amine-functional polymer” refers to a polymer containing both acid and amine functionality; whereas, “acid-amine latex” or “acid- and amine-functional latex” refers to a latex where the particles, but not necessarily the individual polymer strands making up the particle, contain both acid and amine functionality. “Diamine” refers to a compound containing at least two amine groups, and thus includes triamines and so on. “Volatile organic compound” or “VOC” refers to any organic compound having a boiling point of less than 250_C at atmospheric pressure. A coating composition which is “film-forming” means that the composition has a minimum Film Forming Temperature (“MFFT”) at or below ambient temperature to allow for fusion of the polymer into a continuous film. The terms “polish” and “coating” are used interchangeably in reference to polish compositions, coating compositions, or both, unless specifically identified otherwise. The following abbreviations are used: mL=milliliters; g=grams; Tg=the glass transition temperature; and eq=equivalents. Ranges specified are to be read as inclusive, unless specifically identified otherwise.
The present invention provides for self-crosslinking, ambient curing, film-forming acid-amine latexes. When used to produce polish compositions, these acid-amine latexes exhibit improved properties such as detergent resistance, black heel and scuff mark resistance, and mar resistance. These acid-amine latexes also provide coating compositions having good removability characteristics.
Acid-amine latexes which can be formulated into the coating or polish compositions of the present invention include any film-forming, water-dispersable polymers having both acid and amine functionality within the dispersed polymer particle. Although it is preferred that both acid and amine functionality are present with particular polymer strands (i.e., acid-amine polymer), it is not necessary, so long as the dispersed polymer particles contain both functionalities (i.e., acid-amine latex). Such acid-amine latexes can be found, for example, in U.S. Pat. No. 3,404,114 (Snyder et al.) and U.S. Pat. No. 4,760,110 (Das). The contents of these patents are hereby incorporated by reference herein.
The overall acid functionality of the acid-amine latex will generally be present in the latex in an amount between 0.5 and 12.5 wt % based on the total monomer content, preferably between 3 and 10 wt %, and most preferably between 6.5 and 8.5 wt %. The overall amine functionality of the acid-amine latex will typically be present in the latex in an amount between 1.0 and 22.5 wt % based on the total monomer weight, preferably between 1.5 and 16 wt %, and most preferably between 3 and 6 wt %.
The acid-amine latexes of the present invention may be in the form of single or multi-staged particles. Multi-staged particles will comprise at least two mutually incompatible copolymers having any of a number of morphological configurations—for example: core/shell; core/shell particles with shell stages incompletely encapsulating the core; core/shell particles with a multiplicity of cores, interpenetrating network particles; and the like, where the greater portion of the surface area of the particles will be occupied by
Bakule Ronald D.
Reddick Judy M.
Rohm and Haas Company
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