Drug – bio-affecting and body treating compositions – Manicure or pedicure compositions
Patent
1995-03-28
1997-09-23
Gardner, Sallie M.
Drug, bio-affecting and body treating compositions
Manicure or pedicure compositions
424401, 424 63, 424488, A61K 7043, A61K 700
Patent
active
056701411
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates generally to aqueous cellulose compositions and, more particularly, to aqueous cellulose-based coatings and methods of making.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Nitrocellulose has long been used as a base film forming material for various films and coatings. One of its many applications is in lacquer emulsions used in the manufacture of nail coatings or polishes.
Nitrocellulose emulsions used in coatings are generally obtained through either direct emulsification or indirectly through various inversion techniques. For example, a conventional lacquer of nitrocellulose and solvent with emulsifiers is emulsified with the addition of water, inverting from a water-in-lacquer to a lacquer-in-water emulsion. Another inversion technique begins with water-wet nitrocellulose which is dissolved in the solvent system, with water from the mixture dispersing throughout the solvent phase. Additional water containing an emulsifying agent is added forming a lacquer-in-water emulsion by inversion.
Although many improvements have been made in nail coating performance, conventional nail coatings still employ a relatively high percentage of volatile water-immiscible solvents which are relatively toxic, in order to emulsify the nitrocellulose based material. Water-miscible solvents are not ordinarily used because they promote formation of water-in-lacquer rather than lacquer-in-water emulsions. Due to the high percentage of water-immiscible solvents ordinarily employed to emulsify the nitrocellulose, the resultant coatings are flammable and potentially toxic, with a high rate of volatilization and an unpleasant odor. In addition, some individuals become sensitized and develop reactions to these nail coatings.
It is therefore desirable to provide a method for preparing cellulose solutions with less reliance on a high percentage of harsh solvents. It is also desirable to provide cellulose-based compositions which have reduced environmental impact by employing a greater percentage of water. It is further desirable to provide nitrocellulose-based compositions for coatings with a lower percentage of solvent. It is further desirable to provide improved nail coatings with a lower percentage of solvents, but which do not sacrifice durability and hardness characteristics.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention provides novel aqueous cellulose compositions and methods of making such compositions. The present invention also encompasses the use of aqueous cellulose compositions in coatings and the method of making. The coating compositions are free-flowing liquids which may be either pigmented or non-pigmented and applied to human nails in a conventional manner. The coating compositions may also be employed as polishes and protective coatings.
The method for preparing cellulose in water, hereinafter "aqueous cellulose solution," generally comprises the steps of mixing solid nitrocellulose, ethylcellulose or cellulose acetate butyrate and a substantial amount of water, adding more water with continued mixing and adding a small amount of solvent with continued mixing. The water and solvent may also be added simultaneously. The above steps are performed at an elevated temperature of about 95.degree. C. to boiling. The resulting mixture is azeotropic-like.
Nitrocellulose-based coatings of the present invention are obtained by mixing a proportional amount of acrylic-based polymers and aqueous nitrocellulose solution. Various additives such as wetting agents, germicides and thickeners may also be added. Pigmented coatings are formed by adding dispersed treated pigments to the nitrocellulose-based coatings. The dispersed treated pigments are obtained by repeatedly mixing the pigments with silanes, and titanates, desiccating and then, milling the treated pigments with a wetting agent and a dispersing surfactant.
The nail coatings of the present invention are primarily aqueous rather than solvent-based and employ generally gentler, low volatile organic solvents. The hardness, durability
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Gardner Sallie M.
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