Synthetic resins or natural rubbers -- part of the class 520 ser – Synthetic resins – At least one aryl ring which is part of a fused or bridged...
Patent
1989-10-16
1991-10-15
Hoke, Veronica P.
Synthetic resins or natural rubbers -- part of the class 520 ser
Synthetic resins
At least one aryl ring which is part of a fused or bridged...
81161, 428266, 428391, C08K 506, D06M 15643
Patent
active
050575724
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
The present invention describes aqueous, finely divided to optically clear, thermally and mechanically stable silicone emulsions based on aminoalkyl-substituted polysiloxanes, the preparation of these emulsions, and their use.
The preparation of silicone emulsions with high-pressure emulsification has long been known (German Patent 1,060,347, U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,320,197 and 3,748,275). In addition, the preparation of polyorganosiloxane microemulsions is known from EP-OS 138,192. In this case, the starting substances, namely the polyorganosiloxane containing a polar radical and the surfactant, are mixed and added to water in order to form a translucent oil concentrate, and the concentrate obtained is then rapidly dispersed in water. This preparation of microemulsions presents considerable problems with respect to type conformity, but above all, the emulsions obtained only have an unsatisfactory thermal stability.
It has now been found that, when very certain starting compounds in selected mixing ratios are used without high-pressure homogenization, aqueous, finely divided to optically clear silicone emulsions are produced which are thermally and mechanically stable under the customary conditions and, in addition, can be prepared in a surprisingly simple fashion by stirring together silicone emulsifier and water, warming and adding acid.
Accordingly, the present invention describes, in Patent Claims 1 to 5, aqueous, finely divided to optically clear, thermally stable silicone emulsions. A process for the preparation of these silicone emulsions is patented in Patent Claims 6 to 10 and their use is patented in Patent Claim 11.
The compounds a) used are emulsifiers which are soluble in water to form a clear to transparent solution (called "water-soluble" below), in particular nitrogen-free emulsifiers. These emulsifiers are known, and those skilled in the art will have no problem in selecting the correct products. Examples which may be mentioned--without claiming comprehensiveness--are the following emulsifiers: ethylene oxide adducts of fatty alcohols, in particular those of primary and/or secondary linear to branched alcohols having 8 to 16 C atoms and ethoxylated C.sub.6-12 -alkylphenols, it being necessary to select the number of ethylene oxide units so that water solubility is produced. Compounds which are preferably used are 2,6,8-trimethyl-4-nonyloxyhexapolyethyleneoxyethanol, isotridecyl ethoxylate having an average of 8 ethylene oxide units, ethoxylated secondary dodecyl alcohol or n-decyl alcohol having an average of 12 moles of ethylene oxide, and nonylphenol polyglycol ether having an average of 10 ethylene oxide units. However, highly suitable emulsifiers are, in addition, also silicone surfactants as are produced by ethoxylation and/or propoxylation of polysiloxanes, so long as water solubility is ensured. The alkoxylation can take place as a side chain or terminally, and the chain length depends on the number of -[Si(CH.sub.3).sub.2 O].sub.n. Thus, for example, in polysiloxanes where n=1 to 5, 6 to 8 ethylene oxide units on average are present in the molecule, for example the following silicone surfactant: ##STR1##
Compounds b) are aminoalkyl-substituted polysiloxanes having an amine number of at least 0.1, in particular at least 0.3, those polysiloxanes which have an amine number of 0.3 to 1.0 being very particularly preferably employed. The amine number here is defined as the consumption of 1N hydrochloric acid in millilitres per 1 g of substance (=sample weight). The compounds b) here may also be present, at least partially, in the form of salts with the compounds c).
The positioning of the aminoalkyl groups may be terminal and as a side chain. The aminoalkyl groups generally have the formula --RNHR.sup.1 where R represents a divalent hydrocarbon radical having 2 to 8, in particular 3 or 4 C atoms and R.sup.1 =hydrogen, an alkyl radical having 1 to 4 C atoms or the --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 NH.sub.2 radical. The amino-functional radical preferably has the following structure: --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 CH.sub
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Chrobaczek Harald
Tschida Gunther
Ciba-Geigy Corporation
Dohmann George R.
Hoke Veronica P.
McC. Roberts Edward
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