Synthetic resins or natural rubbers -- part of the class 520 ser – Synthetic resins – At least one aryl ring which is part of a fused or bridged...
Patent
1991-05-10
1995-05-23
Reddick, Judy M.
Synthetic resins or natural rubbers -- part of the class 520 ser
Synthetic resins
At least one aryl ring which is part of a fused or bridged...
524549, 524567, 524833, C08L 3300
Patent
active
054182786
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
It is known that the flow properties of crude oils and/or petroleum fractions can be improved by the use of limited quantities of synthetic flow aids. It is known that the function of flow aids is to lower the particular temperature below which solid constituents present in the liquid hydrocarbon mixture, more especially higher paraffins and/or asphaltenes, crystallize out in such quantities that the flowability of the hydrocarbon mixtures is permanently impaired. The temperature range in question is determined by the known methods for determining flow point or pour point. Commensurate with its specific composition, each crude oil or the petroleum fractions obtained therefrom has its own particular flow point which, in the case of the oil pools presently regarded as worth developing, is generally below about 20.degree. C. and, for example, shows values in the range from about 10.degree. to 18.degree. C. Even in this case, it can be advisable in practice to use flow aids based on various synthetic homopolymers and/or copolymers.
There is extensive prior art on auxiliaries of the type in question which are also known as crystallization inhibitors and which are generally obtained by polymerization of olefinically unsaturated compounds containing at least partly unbranched saturated hydrocarbon chains with at least 18 carbon atoms, cf. for example DE-AS 22 10 431 and DE-OSS 26 12 757, 22 64 328, 20 62 023, 23 30 232, 19 42 504 and 20 47 448.
Particular difficulties arise in practice when the flow point of the particular crude oil or petroleum fraction to be processed assumes extremely high values which, in particular, may reach at least 25.degree. C. or even 30.degree. C. and higher. Petroleum materials of this type tend to solidify rapidly, even at ambient temperature. If, for example, pumping operations are interrupted only briefly or if relatively low temperatures are encountered during transport, for example through offshore pipelines, the hydrocarbon material solidifies rapidly into a mass which can no longer be pumped, thereby blocking pipelines, pumps and the like. The situation is complicated by the fact that, in order safely to rule out problems of the type described above, it is often stipulated in practice that the flow points of the oils or oil fractions should be lowered to values below 15.degree. C. and, more particularly, to values below 12.degree. C. or even to values below 10.degree. C. It will readily be appreciated that technological difficulties of a very special nature arise when, for example, the flow point of a particular crude oil has to be lowered from around 33.degree. C. to values distinctly below 10.degree. C. Another difficulty in this regard is that, in general, it is not possible simply by increasing the quantity of flow promoter added to obtain a corresponding reduction in flow point. Hitherto unresolved interactions between the flow aid and the solidifying constituents of the crude oil are presumably responsible in the sense of a threshold effect for the desired objective, the particular constitution of the flow aid being crucially important to its effectiveness.
In DE-PS (German Patent) No. 3,031,900, copolymers of n-alkylacrylates with at least 16 C atoms in the alcohol residue and maleic anhydride, with n-alkylacrylate/maleic anhydride molar ratios of 20:1 to 1:10 are described. Compounds of this type are intended for use as crystallization inhibitors for paraffin-containing crude oils. Numerically presented examples pertain to the use of corresponding copolymers in a molar ratio of 1:1 to 8:1. Crude oils with inherent pour points below 20C are predominantly used. One table of values deals with India crude oil, which is known to be a particularly paraffin-rich starting material (interfering paraffin content 15%), and an inherent pour point of 33C. The optimal efficacy of the copolymers used in this document in terms of pour point lowering on this starting material may be found at an acrylic acid ester/maleic anhydride ratio of 4:1. The lowest pour points established here fal
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Herold Claus-Peter
Ritter Wolfgang
Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft auf Aktien
Jaeschke Wayne C.
Millson Jr. Henry E.
Reddick Judy M.
Szoke Ernest G.
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