Aqueous dispersions, their production and use

Details Aqueous dispersions, their production and use Aqueous dispersions, their production and use

2000-12-18

2004-05-18

Metzmaier, Daniel S. (Department: 1712)

Bleaching and dyeing; fluid treatment and chemical modification

Organic additive for dye composition, dye composition...

Polymeric additive

C008S558000, C008S617000, C524S487000, C524S503000, C524S521000, C524S522000, C524S555000, C516S077000

Reexamination Certificate

active

06736865

ABSTRACT:

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Undesirable phenomena occurring in the treatment of textile fabrics in rope or tubular form (essentially to pretreat, dye, optically brighten or afertreat them) in an aqueous liquor under such conditions that running creases can form in the textile substrate or friction can take place between the substrate and an adjacent substrate or machine parts are the marking of the running creases and the formation of chafe marks, which subsequently, as corresponding unlevel areas, impair the appearance of the goods and possibly also the physical properties of the treated goods and consequently of the finished goods. To counteract these troublesome phenomena, the process steps in question are carried out with the use of wet-slippage enhancers which reduce the tendency of the textile material to form or stabilize and consequently mark creases, especially running creases, and reduce substrate/substrate and substrate/metal friction and consequently reduce the tendency of the material to form chafe marks. GB-A2282153 discloses wax dispersions which are particularly useful as electrolyte-stable lubricants which act as crease mark inhibitors. The continuous further development of processes and machines with the goal of enhanced performance and environmentally sound processing has led to the development of machines and processes which are designed for higher speeds and higher productivities and/or which operate at shorter liquor ratios. This places greater demands on the employed lubricants. For instance, they have to be resistant to particularly high shearing forces and provide very good performance even in short liquors. The shorter the liquor, the greater the concentration required of the particles treatment chemicals and the greater also, however, the proportion of liquor which (depending on the absorbency of the goods) is absorbed by the goods, so that the wet-slippage of the goods and the achievement of a level solid appearance for the goods without damage to the goods is rendered all the more difficult.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
It has now been found that the hereinbelow defined products (L) are surprisingly useful as highly effective crease mark inhibitors having an extremely surfacy effect and are also suitable for particularly short liquors, for example in winch becks and jet-dyeing machines.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
The invention relates to the products (L), their production and their use.
A first aspect of the invention is accordingly an aqueous dispersion (L) comprising:
(a) a wax which is
(a1) a carboxyl-group-containing hydrocarbon wax or a mixture of such waxes or a mixture of (a1) and
(a2) at least one unmodified hydrocarbon wax,
(b) a (co)poly(meth)acrylamide or (co)poly-(meth)acrylamide mixture which is
(b1) at least one macro(co)poly-(meth)acrylamide, which optionally contains carboxyl-containing comonomers, having an average molecular weight
{overscore (M)}
W
=n
·10
6
, where n≧10,
 or a mixture of (b1) and
(b2) at least one (co)poly(meth)-acrylamide, which optionally contains carboxyl-containing comonomers, having an average molecular weight {overscore (M)}
W
<10·10
6
,
and (d) a dispersant system consisting of amphoteric, anionic and/or non-ionogenic surfactants.
As waxes (a) there may be employed generally known waxes.
As carboxyl-group-containing hydrocarbon waxes (a1) are suitable in general any such synthetic waxes and/or oxidatively modified mineral and/or synthetic hydrocarbon waxes having a wax structure, for example as prepared by copolymerization (e.g. block copolymerization or mixed copolymerization) of olefins, especially ethylene or propylene, with carboxyl-group-containing comonomers, especially (meth)acrylic acid and/or maleic acid, or by graft polymerization, or oxidation products of hydrocarbon waxes or also carboxyl-group-containing waxes synthesized by an optionally oxidative route, such as Fischer-Tropsch waxes and partial saponification products thereof.
The carboxyl-group-containing hydrocarbon waxes (a1) are preferably oxidized and optionally partially saponified hydrocarbon waxes and generally include any desired synthetic and/or mineral waxes which in oxidized form still have a wax structure, especially oxidized microcrystalline waxes or oxidized polyolefin waxes (chiefly polyethylene waxes) or also waxes which are optionally directly synthesized in oxidized form, particularly Fischer-Tropsch waxes, and also their oxidation waxes and where the oxidized waxes mentioned, particularly the oxidized polyolefin waxes and the Fischer-Tropsch waxes, may be optionally partially saponified. Of the waxes mentioned, the oxidized and optionally partially saponified microcrystalline waxes, Fischer-Tropsch waxes and polyethylene waxes are preferred. Such waxes are generally known and can be characterized by customary parameters, such as the needle penetration (for example according to ASTM-D 1321 or -D 5), the solidification point, the drop point, the density, the acid number or/and optionally also the saponification number. Of the waxes (a1) mentioned, preference is given to those whose needle penetration is ≦20 dmm, particularly those whose needle penetration is within the range from 0.1 to 10 dmm, preferably 0.2 to 5 dmm, and whose acid number is within the range from 5 to 70, preferably 9 to 50. The density of the waxes (a1) is advantageously within the range from 0.90 to 1.1, preferably 0.92 to 1.02, especially 0.94 to 0.99. Of the waxes mentioned, the oxidized polyethylene waxes, chiefly oxidized low pressure polyethylenes, are particularly preferred, especially those having a needle penetration within the range from 0.2 to 5 dmm.
The waxes (a2) are unmodified, i.e. they are hydrocarbon waxes into which no functional groups or hetero atoms have been introduced.
As waxes (a2) there may be employed for example non-oxidized microcrystalline waxes or paraffin waxes.
Suitable waxes (a2) are chiefly paraffin waxes having a drop point ≧40° C., advantageously within the range from 40 to 110° C., preferably 50 to 105° C., especially fully refined paraffin scale wax. Advantageously, (a2) contributes up to 130% by weight of (a1), preferably not more than 100% by weight, especially not more than 50% by weight of (a1).
Although (a2) can be present, it is preferred for (a1) not to be cut with (a2), i.e. it is prefered for the entire wax (a) to consist essentially only of (a1). It is especially in the case of the use of the dispersions (L) as wet-slippage enhancers in jet-dyeing machines that it is preferred for the entire wax (a) to consist essentially only of (a1).
(b1) and (b2) can be generally known homopolymers and copolymers, especially homopolymers and/or copolymers of
(b′) acrylamide and/or methacrylamide and copolymers of (b′) and
(b″) an ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid, preferably (meth)acrylic acid, maleic acid and/or itaconic acid.
The fraction of (b′) in (b1) is advantageously within the range from 50 to 100 mol %, preferably from 60 to 95 mol %, the remainder to 100 mol %, i.e. 50 to 0 mol %, preferably 40 to 5 mol %, consisting essentially of (b″).
The fraction of (b′) in (b2) is advantageously within the range from 50 to 100 mol %, preferably from 80 to 100 mol %, the remainder to 100 mol %, i.e. 50 to 0 mol %, preferably 20 to 0 mol %, consisting essentially of (b″).
(b1) is required by the invention to be a (meth)acrylamide (co)polymer having a very high molecular weight, herein referred to as a macro(co)poly(meth)acylamide. The average molecular weight {overscore (M)}
W
of (b1) as high as desired and n can be for example within the range from 10 to 80, chiefly n is within the range from 10 to 40, preferably 12 to 30, particularly preferably 15 to 25. In a particular embodiment of the invention, n is ≧16.
(b2) is a polymer which has a lower molecular weight than (b1), specifically an average molecular weight<10 million. Advantageously, the average molecular weight {overscore (M)}
W
of (b2) is within the range from 100,000 to 8·1

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