Chemical apparatus and process disinfecting – deodorizing – preser – Physical type apparatus – Means separating or dissolving a material constituent
Reexamination Certificate
2000-02-02
2002-07-30
Warden, Sr., Robert J. (Department: 1744)
Chemical apparatus and process disinfecting, deodorizing, preser
Physical type apparatus
Means separating or dissolving a material constituent
C512S001000, C424S065000, C424S076100, C424S076300, C422S256000, C422S259000
Reexamination Certificate
active
06426055
ABSTRACT:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Our invention is directed to (i) an emulsifier-free, single phase, nonporous, continuous, permeable polymeric film having a substantially uniform thickness, having entrapped and dissolved therein a fragrance material which is capable of evolving from the film into the environment proximate the film by means of molecular diffusion in a sustained and controlled release manner, as well as a process for using such polymeric film in order to impart a fragrance into the environment above the unobstructed outer surface of the film.
Controlled release fragrance compositions traditionally required prepackaging of encapsulated fragrances into the final product, for example, a coacervation, encapsulation system composed of fragrance encapsulated in a gelatin-gum arabic shell.
Control release systems using film forming polymers have been previously attempted. Thus, Japanese Published Patent Application J9 0057-428 abstracted as follows:
NIEK. D23 87-183168/26=J9 0057-428-B Prepn. of long-lasting fragrance—contg. hydroxypropyl:cellulose, ethanol and/or methanol soln. and vinyl pyrrolidone
NIPPON EKISHO KK 13.11.85-JP-252894 A97+P34 (Apr. 12, 1990) *J62114909-A A61k-07/46+A61l-09/01 13.11.85 as 252894 (RP) 1-30 wt % of hydroxypropylcellulose is added to the ethanol or methanol soln. of 1-60 wt % polyvinyl pyrrolidone. Then 1-60 wt % of fragrance material is added and mixed.
ADVANTAGE—Long lasting fragrance is obtd. when applied to the film or paper. Polyvinyl pyrrolidone covers the fragrance material contained and prevents its loss. (J62114909-A) (3pp)
indicates that a long lasting fragrance is obtained when hydroxypropyl cellulose in an amount of from about 1 up to about 30% is added to ethanol or methanol previously containing polyvinylpyrrolidone in an amount of from about 1 up to about 60%. Then a fragrance material in an amount of from about 1 up to about 60% by weight is added to the resulting material and admixed. The resulting product is applied to a film or paper. The Japanese Published Application J9 0057-428 does not disclose a control release technology provided by our invention. The Published Japanese Application, furthermore, does not teach that an effective control release system requires that the fragrance element and the film forming polymer be chosen such that the film forming polymer permits the fragrance to molecularly diffuse into the environment surrounding the film at a permeation rate of from about 1×10
−7
up to about 0.1 mg-mm/cm
2
-minute in a sustained and control release manner.
Holzner, U.S. Pat. No. 4,803,195 issued on Feb. 7, 1989 discloses personal care compositions having deodorant or antiperspirant activity and containing in addition to an active deodorant or antiperspirant base, a perfuming base either in the form of an aqueous emulsion or in microecapsulated form. The perfume base of Holzner is combined with a film forming substrate and an emulsifying agent. The Holzner, U.S. Pat. No. 4,803,195 claims:
“1. A perfuming composition with deodorant or antiperspirant action for use in personal care, characterised in that it contains, in addition to an active deodorant or antiperspirant base, a perfuming base, either in the form of an aqueous emulsion, or in microencapsulated form, the said perfuming base being combined with
a. a solid film-forming substrate chosen from polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl alcohol, dextrins, natural or modified starch, vegetable gums, pectins, xanthans, carboxymethyl cellulose, methyl cellulose, hydroxymethyl cellulose and lipoheteropolysaccharides, and
b. an emulsifying agent chosen from mono- or diglycerides of fatty acids, esters derived from the combination of fatty acids with sorbitol or a saccharide, or their alkoxylated derivatives, or an ester of tartaric, citric, ascorbic or lactic acid.”
Holzner and Moulin, Canadian Patent No. 2,008,556, disclose a perfuming composition with deodorant or antiperspirant action for use in personal care compositions. The Holzner composition contains, in addition to an active deodorant or antiperspirant base, a perfuming base either in the form of an aqueous emulsion or in microencapsulated form, with the perfuming base being combined with a film-forming substrate and an emulsifying agent, and the composition being characterized in that the film-forming substrate contains polyvinylpyrrolidone. The film-forming substrate in the Holzner and Moulin patent can contain, other than polyvinylpyrrolidone, at least one compound chosen from polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl alcohol, dextrins, natural or modified starch, vegetable gums, pectins, xanthanes, carboxymethyl cellulose, methyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose and lipoheteropolysaccharides.
The prior art teaches away from our invention. Holzner, U.S. Pat. No. 4,803,195 requires the presence of an emulsifying agent and the formation of a fragrance polymer emulsion that is subsequently spray dried or used in emulsion form. Our invention does not require an emulsion, is applicable to all products containing volatile solvents that are applied to surfaces and requires that the film forming polymer is an effective “barrier” to the fragrance or fragrance ingredient as determined by the “FRAGRANCE PERMEATION TEST” hereinafter defined and hereinafter described.
Thus, whereas the prior art discloses the usefulness of films formed from modified starches such as hydroxypropyl cellulose in conjunction with fragrance, films formed from modified starches such as hydroxy cellulose do not fall within the scope of our invention. Ethyl tiglate is a common fragrance ingredient and permeates through a film formed from hydroxypropyl cellulose at a rate equal to its evaporation rate as determined by the “FRAGRANCE PERMEATION TEST” described, infra. Thus, hydroxypropyl cellulose would not evolve from such film into the environment proximate to the film by means of molecular diffusion at a permeation rate of <0.1 mg-mm/cm
2
-min.
Israel Patent No. 91422 issued on Oct. 31, 1995 (assigned to Dento-Med Industries Inc.) discloses a stable oil-in-water emulsion characterized in that it contains 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate homopolymer from which a non-gummy, hygroscopic, flexible and pliable thin layer which can be deposited on an epidermal surface can be made and which optionally contains a plurality of plasticizers each having a different solvency power for 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate homopolymer thereby controlling the pliability of the layer of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate homopolymer. On page 14 of Israel Patent No. 91422, it is indicated that the thin layer is formed when a cosmetic formulation is deposited on an epidermal surface. Although at pages 21-23 of the Israel patent, a cosmetic formulation of Dento-Med discloses a number of possible ingredients, there is no mention and no implication of the use of fragrances therein such as those fragrances which can diffuse out of the membrane as is claimed in our invention.
Blakeway and Sauvage, U.S. Pat. No. 5,369,092 issued on Nov. 29, 1994, discloses novel odorant compositions comprising panthenol with a perfume concentrate and ethanol, whereby the addition of panthenol prolongs the diffusion of perfume materials from the skin. The panthenol, however, is different in kind rather than degree from the polymers used in film forming the fragrance-containing films of our invention and does not give rise to the unexpected, unobvious and advantageous results of the fragrance carrier system of our invention; and further, does not give rise to the fragrance substance evolving from the film into the environment proximate the film by means of molecular diffusion at a permeation rate of from about 1×10
−7
up to about 0.1 mg-mm/cm
2
-minute.
PCT Patent Application No. 97/25018 published on Jul. 17, 1997 and assigned to Launceston, Ltd. of St. Peter Port, Guernsey, Channel Islands, discloses a scented nail polish which comprises:
(a) at least one solvent;
(b) at least one resin;
(c) at least one colorant; and
(d) at least one liquid perfume
where the weight ratio of re
Shefer Adi
Shefer Shmuel David
Teffenhart John M.
Conley Sean E.
International Flavors & Fragrances Inc.
Leightner Joseph F.
Liberman Arthur L.
Warden, Sr. Robert J.
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