Dentistry – Apparatus – Having motor or means to transmit motion from motor to tool
Patent
1996-08-28
2000-10-31
Lucchesi, Nicholas D.
Dentistry
Apparatus
Having motor or means to transmit motion from motor to tool
433 86, 433 88, A61C 107, A61C 303, A61C 308
Patent
active
061393207
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
The present invention relates to an apparatus, a method and expedient materials for ultrasonic preparation of human and animal hard or soft tissues, particularly dental and bone materials, and of artificial replacement materials as they are used for the reconstruction of teeth or bones. The invention further relates to objects obtained thereby.
Subtractive treatment of natural hard tissues, as e.g. dental enamel, dental bone, dental cement and bones as well as of tooth or bone replacement materials is the basis of almost any dental or surgical intervention. Up to date the treatment of the said hard tissues is carried out in every day work using rotary diamond or hard metal tools or by use of sharp, e.g. chisel shaped manual tools.
The use of such work tools results in pronounced vibrations, production of unpleasant noises and induction of partly considerable pains. There is the danger of excessive heating of the vital tissues treated which may result in irreversible damages of the organic components and adjacent organs, e.g. tooth pulp. In addition it is impossible to selectively cut off material, e.g. dental hard material, e.g. cariously degenerated dental hard substances while saving adjacent healthy tissue. In the cutting action of the tool formation of craters and fractures in the brittle inorganic components of the tissue or the tissue is not rare, e.g. also including possible chipping off of the dental enamel jacket from the tooth bone during treatment of the enamel using rotary diamond tools. In addition the minimum ratio between cross section and length of the tools required for obtaining the minimum stiffness necessary for a particular application impedes the handling of the tools in regions, which are difficult to reach, e.g. in thin elongates cavities, endodontic cavities and surface portions extending along the tooth roots or therebetween. Last but not least there is a high risk of injuring adjacent soft tissues by rotary cutting tools by inadvertant sliding off, e.g. of manually operated tools.
The geometry of the cavity obtained is the result of the geometric form of the e.g. rotary tool as well as of the relative moment between the tool and the workpiece; preparation of standard geometric shapes is not possible.
Preparation of cavities specific for a particular indication is carried out in accordance with predetermined basic rules (experts' knowledge), which, however, due to the individually produced shapes of the cavities cannot be used as "informations" for producing e.g. tooth or bone restoring parts. Thus making reconstructions requires a precise modelling of all the treated surfaces; smaller errors in the imaging cannot be corrected by integration of the shape of adjacent precisely modelled surface portions using the knowledge of the expert.
The preparation of vital hard tissues using laser energy will result in thermal damages as well as mechanical damages caused by thermal shocks of the treated hard substances and adjacent tissue, respectively, and such preparation is laborious and not economic as compared to conventional treatment methods.
In addition the preparation of defined cavities is difficult due to the uncontrollable cutting action in the depth coordinate as well as by the non-tactile free handling of the tools. Futhermore there is a danger of injuring the soft tissues by direct radiation and reflection effects, respectively.
Preparation of dental hard tissues using fine alumina grain jet installations is limited to a narrow range of applications and is expensive due to the machining method, due to the hardly controllable handling and due to the fact that a rubber dam must be used. In addition there is a high risk of damaging the lungs of the patient and of the medical staff due to the formation of dust, which cannot be avoided.
The preparation of dental and bone tissues using oscillating tools has already been described decades ago.
U.S. Pat. No. 2,874,470 (high frequency dental tool, 1959) discloses the preparation of dental hard tissues using magnetostrictive oscillation t
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patent: 4332558 (1982-06-01), Lustig
patent: 5772434 (1998-06-01), Winston
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