Combustion – Means at chamber outlet establishing combustion pressure...
Patent
1995-08-21
1998-04-28
Jones, Larry
Combustion
Means at chamber outlet establishing combustion pressure...
431176, 431181, 431243, F23L 1700
Patent
active
057437262
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Object of the present invention is an apparatus for the vaporization of fuels comprising a nozzle unit supplied via a fuel pump and fuel supply line with fuel and, separately, via an air generator and air supply line with air, said nozzle unit having a longitudinal axis and a chamber mounted perpendicularly to said axis into which the fuel and air are conveyed for mixing via supply lines, the supply lines for the fuel opening tangentially into the chamber so that the fuel in the chamber is set in whirling motion occurring substantially in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal axis, and the mixture being discharged via a nozzle channel.
The combustion of organic matter such as fuel oil gives rise to the formation of residues such as carbon monoxide (CO), which burns to carbon dioxide (CO.sub.2), hydrogen, which is oxidized to water vapor, and nitrogen monoxide (NO), which with air oxygen is oxidized to NO.sub.2, together known as NO.sub.x.
Apart from the hydrocarbons and other ingredients, fuel oils contain chlorine and sulfur, the share of the latter being higher the heavier the fuel oil and attaining up to 3.5% by weight.
The main problem of present heating installations is that of particle size of the atomized fuel oil, which to the extent of 80% is between 40 and 80 microns when an atomizing pressure of about 15 bars is used.
For optimum combustion the relatively large droplets are maintained in suspension by means of a blower until they have completely burned, but this leads to oversized combustion chambers, on one hand, and to overly large air volumes per kilogram of the fuel oil, on the other hand.
Particularly in the case of industrial oil burners, good combustion is difficult to attain since the known mechanical spray diffusers, with the heavy fuel oils used here, lead to a particle size of at least 60 microns even at high pressures, of over 20 bars. In addition, very small nozzle openings are required here, with a diameter of about 0.15 mm, which readily clog and cause breakdowns.
The heavy fuel oils are heated to temperatures of 50.degree. to 100.degree. C. in order to lower their viscosity, which has an effect on particle size, though not enough to bring about an optimum combustion, quite apart from the fact that a large amount of energy is consumed for heating the fuel oil.
The amount of air of combustion which is supplied, but also its pathway within the burner and its temperature are decisive, too, for the combustion process, the amount of air usually being exaggerated and never merely that required stoichiometrically, since with the stoichiometric amount alone the unburned residues would be overly large.
The excessive production of NO.sub.X is a real problem which, when combustion is incomplete, with hydrogen and water vapor leads to the formation of sulfuric, hydrochloric and nitric acid leading to the well-known acid rain.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PRIOR ART
French Patent No. 903 293 describes an apparatus having the characteristics stated in the introduction to claim 1. The apparatus comprises a nozzle unit with concentrically arranged supply lines for fuel and gas opening via tangentially oriented channels into a whirling chamber from which the fuel-gas mixture is discharged via a nozzle channel. Here, both the gas and fuel are fed tangentially into the chamber, where they are in whirling motion. As the gas and fuel move in the same sense, and more or less parallel one besides the other, this arrangement cannot produce a thorough mixing of fuels and gas, which has a negative effect on particle size at the exit and excludes an optimum combustion.
According to French Patent No. 809 455, the fuel and air are conveyed together to the discharge channel over helicoidal grooves in the nozzle unit. Even here, the mixing of fuel and air is only moderate. Moreover, means are not provided here for producing higher compression of the air in the fuel, which is very important for fuel vaporization.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention has the objective of
REFERENCES:
patent: 5125828 (1992-06-01), Browning
patent: 5263849 (1993-11-01), Irwin et al.
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