Radiant energy – Ionic separation or analysis – With sample supply means
Patent
1988-08-23
1989-11-07
Anderson, Bruce C.
Radiant energy
Ionic separation or analysis
With sample supply means
2504421, 2504431, B01D 5944, G01K 510, G01N 2100
Patent
active
048794678
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
The present invention relates to the field of apparatus for manipulation of an element, and has for its object such apparatus permitting the translation, in space, of an axle, for example, in a magnetic, electrical or high frequency field.
At present, there are utilized apparatus for the translatory manipulation in all manner of scientific fields, and for all manner of applications. When the manipulation apparatus is accessible, it can be controlled directly by the operator. For example, a microscope or a microsond can be directly manipulated, by micrometric screws or the like. But very often, the manipulatory apparatus is not accessible, because of working, for example, under vacuum or ultravacuum, as in the case of spectrometry, in a radioactive atmosphere in a nuclear environment, and more generally in any corrosive or noxious atmosphere, such as a high frequency field, a dangerous gas or a high temperature.
A mechanism for motion transfer is accordingly necessary, of the manual or automatic type. The known transfer mechanisms, of manual type, based on gears, levers, chains or the like, are very often heavy, voluminous, complicated and costly. Moreover, problems of tolerance and precision frequency arise. It is has thus been proposed to replace them by mechanisms of automatic types, controlled by micromotors controlled by microprocessors. But these micromotors function irregularly, upon working, for example, under vacuum, or in a magnetic, electrical or high frequency field. Serious problems of reliability and reproducibility result.
If therefore, as is very frequent, the manipulatory apparatus is inaccessible directly by the operator, and when working in a magnetic, electrical or high frequency field, there are used manual or automatic transfer mechanisms giving results that are not reproducible with a certain delay, by virtue of their lack of reliability.
The present invention has for its object to overcome these drawbacks.
It thus has for its object an apparatus for translatory manipulation, of an element such as an axle, characterized in that it comprises a device for displacing in each direction in space in which the axle is to be handled, each displacement device comprising two opposed prestressed strips, constituted by an alloy which is pseudoelastic or which has shape memory, disposed on opposite sides of a heating means and/or a cooling means giving rise to a thermal gradient between the two blades and thus their martensitic transformation giving rise to their deformation.
The invention will be better understood thanks to the following description, which relates to preferred embodiments given by way of non-limiting example, and explained with reference to the accompanying schematic drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a front cross sectional view of a manipulation apparatus according to the invention;
FIG. 2 is a cross sectional view, from the left, on line A--A of FIG. 1, of the manipulation apparatus according to the invention;
FIG. 3 is a cross sectional view from the right, on the line B--B of FIG. 1, of the manipulation apparatus according to the invention;
FIG. 4 is a perspective view of the two displacement devices permitting manipulation of the axle in a plane (x, y);
FIG. 5 is a schematic view in perspective of the displacement device permitting the manipulation of the axis in the direction (z), and
FIG. 6 is a front cross sectional view of an apparatus for manipulation provided with a specimen holder mounted on a direct introduction rod of a mass spectrometer.
According to the invention, the manipulation apparatus comprises a displacement device 2 for each direction in space in which the axle is to be manipulated, each displacement device 2 comprising two opposed prestressed blades 3, constituted by an alloy which is pseudoelastic or which has shape memory, disposed on opposite sides of a heating means and/or cooling means 4 giving rise to a thermal gradient between the two blades 3 and thus their martensitic transformation involving their deformation. Such an apparatus is particularly suita
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patent: 4432635 (1984-02-01), Mayer
patent: 4506154 (1985-03-01), Scire
Berveiller Marcel
Dominiak Serge
Eberhardt Andre
Krier Gabriel
Muller Jean F.
Anderson Bruce C.
Universite de Metz
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