Chemical apparatus and process disinfecting – deodorizing – preser – Blood treating device for transfusible blood – Oxygenator
Patent
1981-10-22
1983-02-15
Kellogg, Arthur D.
Chemical apparatus and process disinfecting, deodorizing, preser
Blood treating device for transfusible blood
Oxygenator
422 45, 422 47, 261DIG28, A61M 103
Patent
active
043740880
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
TECHNICAL FIELD
The present invention relates to a device for the transfer of one or more substances between a gas and a liquid, the gas being introduced into the liquid in the form of bubbles from which the said substances are transferred to the liquid, whereupon the excess gas is removed together with any substances transferred from the liquid to the gas.
In the first place the device in accordance with the invention is intended to be used for the oxygenation of blood, i.e. as an oxygenator. However, it will be clear to those versed in the art that the construction in accordance with the invention can also be used for many other purposes, that is to say, whenever substances from a gas are to be made to react with or to be dissolved in a liquid or else when substances are to be exchanged between gases and liquids.
BACKGROUND ART
Insofar as oxygenators are concerned, three main types can be distinguished. The oldest of these is probably the type where a film of blood is formed in direct contact with an oxygen-containing atmosphere. In a second type the oxygen instead is made to diffuse through a semipermeable membrane from an oxygen-containing atmosphere on the one side of the membrane to the blood on the other side. The third type, to which the device in accordance with the present invention belongs, is known as a bubble oxygenator. In this type of device, gas bubbles containing oxygen are sprayed directly into the blood so as to act directly upon the same. After the desired action, the excess gas is removed. Examples of constructions of the lastmentioned type, that is to say, of bubble oxygenators, are shown inter alia, in the following U.S. Pat. Nos: 3,175,555; 2,934,067; 3,545,937; 4,037,622; 3,468,831; 3,488,158; 3,615,238; 4,058,369; 3,578,411; 3,291,568; 4,033,724; 3,827,860; 3,853,479; 4,067,696; 4,065,264; 4,138,464; 4,138,288.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The device in accordance with the invention is characterized by a narrow annular gap arranged vertically for the liquid, by a gas inlet arranged in close connection to this gap, this gas inlet being adapted so that it introduces and distributes the gas uniformly along the whole periphery of the gap, and by means for the removal of excess gas. In this manner a very effective mixture of gas and liquid is obtained. In addition, there are other advantages, which will be evident from the following.
The gas inlet is constituted preferably of a series of holes arranged along the periphery of the upper end of the gap where this gap changes into a widened, annular, vertical cylindrical space. As a result, there is no need for a sudden increase in the rate of flow.
The abovementioned gap and the adjoining annular cylinder space are formed appropriately between an intermediate vessel open at the top and a combined gas and liquid inlet pipe inserted therein. This design is appropriate for easy assembly. At the same time it permits a suitable design of the path of the liquid flow. The inlet pipe may comprise a central liquid inlet duct, into which the liquid is introduced at its upper end and which in the lower part smoothly changes into the said gap.
The annular cylindrical space, appropriately includes a heat exchanger for the tempering, i.e., heating and/or cooling, of the gas and liquid mixture obtained. This heat exchanger may consist, for example, of an annular cylinder preferably with longitudinal heat transfer ribs on the inside as well as on the outside, the outer ribs being arranged so that they adjoin relatively tightly the inner wall and outer wall respectively of the annular cylinder space, so that this is divided into separate longitudinal ducts. In this way a uniform distribution of the gas as well as of the liquid is achieved in the whole annular cylindrical space outside the actual heat exchanger.
The annular cylindrical space appropriately terminates at its upper end in an annular throttling gap, which also contributes to a uniform distribution of the gas as well as of the liquid. This throttling gap can be in the form of a spillway betw
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Johnsson Bo A.
Losell Ingvar F.
Stenberg Kaj O.
Traven Lars J. C.
Gambro Heart-Lung Products AB
Kellogg Arthur D.
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