Chemical apparatus and process disinfecting – deodorizing – preser – Chemical reactor – Waste gas purifier
Patent
1991-07-31
1994-09-06
Warden, Robert J.
Chemical apparatus and process disinfecting, deodorizing, preser
Chemical reactor
Waste gas purifier
422177, 422219, 422220, 96138, B01D 5000
Patent
active
053446160
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
The invention relates to a process for the separation of undesirable constituents from a fluid, especially a waste gas, by adsorption on a lumpy or granular adsorbent wherein the waste gas to be treated flows through at least one reaction chamber filled with adsorbent and is conducted through at least one adsorption layer. The invention furthermore concerns an apparatus for performing this process.
DOS 2,626,939 shows a process of the pertinent type wherein the fluid is conducted within the reaction chamber through two layers moving in parallel to each other, and the adsorbent in the layer on the downstream side is moved at a higher velocity and loaded to a lesser extent than in the layer on the upstream side. This conventional process is to effect a maximally extensive cleaning of the waste gas, since the waste gas is still exposed to an adequate amount of fresh adsorbent on the downstream side. On the other hand, adsorbent must be continuously withdrawn and regenerated in a relatively thick layer on the downstream side, and this adsorbent is exploited to an only very limited extent. The reaction chamber is subdivided by vertical partitions. The individual compartments are supplied with adsorbent from a central filling opening and comprise discharge openings and/or hoppers associated with the individual layers.
It is known from German Patent 3,427,905 to make the flow of adsorbent particles uniform by baffles arranged over the cross section of the moving bed.
In conventional adsorption units, essential parts of, in particular, the charging cone in the head zone and the discharge cone in the bottom zone of the reactor cannot be reached by the transversely flowing fluid, or can be reached only inadequately. As a consequence, hot spots (concentrations of heat) arise which may become the source of a fire in the head zone, and accumulations of condensate occur, associated with caking of particles, in the bottom zone of the reactor.
The invention is based on the object of providing improved flow of the fluid to be treated through the adsorbent bed and avoiding any disturbances in operation, especially in the critical head and discharge zones of the adsorber.
Starting with a process of the type discussed above, the invention provides for achieving this object that the adsorbent is introduced into the reaction chamber and discharged therefrom through several separate feed and discharge hoppers in a grid-like distribution, and that the fluid is guided in part from the side transversely to the adsorption layer and in part vertically through the reaction chamber so that the adsorbent in all zones of the reaction chamber participates practically uniformly in the adsorption. In this connection, it is especially advantageous, on the one hand, to conduct the waste gas through at least two separate adsorption layers and, on the other hand, to introduce the fluid partially from above into the reaction chamber.
As far as the apparatus is concerned, the above objective has been attained according to this invention by providing that the feeding means are constituted by a grid of several feed hoppers disposed in side-by-side and series relationship, and the discharge means are formed by a further grid of discharge hoppers arranged side-by-side and in series relationship, and that fluid passages are arranged at least on one side as well as in the head zone of the reaction chamber.
By grouping the feeding and discharge zones of the adsorbent into a plurality of conical subsections, the pockets of material in the head and bottom zones of the reactor that are hard to reach for the fluid flow are minimized. Furthermore, the particle flow and the mechanics of the bulk material within the reaction chamber are improved during feeding as well as during discharging of the adsorbent due to the segmenting into component streams. Although the main stream of the fluid is oriented transversely to the adsorbent column, fresh adsorbent in the head zone of the reactor participates to an increased extent in the reaction on account of the fluid
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Steag Aktiengessllschaft
Thornton Krisanne M.
Warden Robert J.
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