Boots – shoes – and leggings
Patent
1981-01-26
1984-08-14
Gruber, Felix D.
Boots, shoes, and leggings
343 7A, 343455, 364460, G06F 1550, G01C 2120, G01S 1393
Patent
active
044660685
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention concerns navigational aid devices and relates more particularly to the detection and warning of collision risks in high sea and coastal navigation.
The introduction on board ships of all categories of radars has enabled navigators to assess the risks of collision with the obstacles which surround them.
Moreover maritime traffic surveillance stations have recently been created in many countries. Among other missions, these radar-equipped stations maintain a watch to prevent collision risks between ships.
If, on the radar screen carried by own ship A, the successive echos corresponding to a single fixed or moving target B are plotted, one can know the relative speed V.sub.R of this target and thus assess: parlance by the abbreviation DCPA, approach.
For some years, anti-collision systems based on calculators enable automatic plotting of targets surrounding own ship, and providing navigational aids to warn of collisions.
The principle of these systems consists in calculating the speed and heading of the targets which are within radar range, deducing by calculation the values of DCPA and TCA, signalling alarms to the navigator if these values become less than predetermined safely threshold values. Cartain more sophisticated systems can give indications of changes of heading to be effected by the ship to avoid a threatening obstacle and in certain cases indication of the effect of a modification of the speed.
However these systems make use of very long calculations and do not give simultaneously an overall view of the manoeuvre possibilities of own ship in heading and speed.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The invention aims to remedy these disadvantages of known systems by creating an entirely graphic process of detection and warning of collision risks which enables the navigator to appreciate rapidly and visually for each of the fixed or moving obstacles which surround him: approach, from the obstacle, which he fixes in advance, without inasmuch risking a collision with another obstacle,
The invention therefore has as object a method for detection and warning of collision risks between a ship and at least one moving or fixed obstacle marked on the on-board radar screen of the first ship, characterized in that it comprises determining relative to said obstacle, taking account of the parameters of its distance, speed and heading, a danger sector of heading and speed for said ship, plotting said danger sector of heading and speed on a support, plotting on the same support the speed vector of the ship, examining whether the end of said speed vector is inside or outside said danger sector of heading and speed, a collision risk existing when the end of the speed vector is inside said danger sector of heading and speed and, in that case, choosing a new speed vector such that its point is outside the danger sector of heading and speed.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
In the accompanying drawings, given only by way of example:
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the geometrical construction of the magnitudes necessary for evaluation of the risks of collision between two ships;
FIG. 2 shows a geometrical construction made by the process according to the invention applied to the assessment of the evolution of the relative situation of a first ship on which the method is used and a second ship;
FIG. 3 shows the application of the method of the invention to several moving or fixed obstacles with which a ship risks entering into collision;
FIG. 4 is a diagrammatic view of an electronic apparatus for detecting and warning of collision risks according to the invention;
FIGS. 5A and 5B together form the system diagram of the apparatus of FIG. 4;
FIG. 6 shows in more detail part of the diagrams of FIGS. 5A and 5B, and
FIG. 7 is a part view of the display screen of the apparatus of FIG. 4, showing the information relating to the situation of own ship relative to the obstacles at a given moment.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
Referring to the diagram of FIG. 1, it
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Matusche: "Kollarm", Ein neues Kollisionswarngerat Luftfahrttechnik-Raumfahrttechnik, vol. 9, No. 2, Feb. 1963, pp. 54/63.
Schindler et al.: Verfahrens und Geratetechnische Probleme der Teilautomatischen Radarauswertung fur den Kollisionschutz auf See. Nachrichtentechnik, vol. 17, No. 8, 1967, pp. 294-300.
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Degre-Lefevre: A New Collision Avoidance System of the O.R.I.O.N. Association, pp. 1-20.
Degre Thomas
Lefevre Francois
Lefevre Xavier
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