Chemical apparatus and process disinfecting – deodorizing – preser – Chemical reactor – Waste gas purifier
Patent
1991-08-06
1993-12-14
Housel, James C.
Chemical apparatus and process disinfecting, deodorizing, preser
Chemical reactor
Waste gas purifier
422172, 422173, 96 55, 96136, B01D 5000
Patent
active
052700151
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
gas and thereby achieve both humidification and reduction in the temperature of the hot flue gas. The admixing means will generally be in the form of a dry sorbent injector system as is commonly known in the art. The separating means (for example, a baghouse or electrostatic precipitator) can be employed as in the general embodiment.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1. Schematic Diagram of a Spray Dryer System.
FIG. 2. Experimental apparatus.
FIG. 3. The effect of fly ash I, II, III, and IV and relative humidity on Ca(OH).sub.2 utilization. 0.4 g of Ca(OH).sub.2 slurried with 1.6 g of fly ash I for 4 hours at 65.degree. C. Atmospheric drying used for the preparation of samples. L=Ca(OH).sub.2 alone.
FIG. 4. The effect of fly ash I loading (g fly ash/g Ca(OH).sub.2) on lime utilization. Samples slurried for4 hours at 65.degree. C. Atmospheric drying.
FIG. 5. A fly ash simulation experiment carried out at 54% RH. Samples of simulated fly ash (Av.Fa), H.sub.2 SiO.sub.3, Al.sub.2 O.sub.3, and Fe.sub.2 O.sub.3 slurred with Ca(OH).sub.2 for 4 hours at 65.degree. C. Atmospheric drying.
FIG. 6. The effect of silica (H.sub.2 SiO.sub.3, Zeothix 265, or Zeofree 80) loading (g silica/g Ca(OH).sub.2) on time utilization. Atmospheric drying.
FIG. 7. The effect of alumina loading (g alumina/g Ca(OH).sub.2) on lime utilization. Atmospheric drying.
FIG. 8. The effect of fly ash IV on Ca(OH).sub.2 reactivity. Fly ash IV loading 16. Vacuum drying.
FIG. 9. Effect of NaOH concentration on SO.sub.2 removal. 1 Ca(OH).sub.2 :4 Fly Ash:4 CaSO.sub.3 --10 mol % NaOH; Removal after 1 hour; 500 ppm SO.sub.2 ; 500 ppm NO.sub.x ; 14 mol % H.sub.2 O; gas flow: 4.6 1/min - 7% O.sub.2, 10% CO.sub.2 ; 83% N.sub.2.
FIG. 10. Generalized process schematic for high temperature sorbent preparation and use.
FIG. 11. Effects of pressure hydration on the reactivity of calcium silicate hydrates prepared at the weight ratio of fly ash to lime of 3:1.
FIG. 12. The effect of temperature of pressure hydration on the reactivity of calcium silicate hydrates prepared at the weight ratio fly ash to lime of 3:1.
FIG. 13. Correlation between measured B.E.T. surface area and the reactivity of various calcium silicate hydrates prepared from fly ash and lime.
FIG. 14. Correlation between temperature of sorbent preparation and incubation time required to obtain a doubling of sorbent reactivity.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The CaO--SiO--Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 --H.sub.2 O Sulfur Absorption System
The nature of calcium silicate hydrate and calcium aluminate hydrate as well as calcium aluminate silicate hydrate formation in CaO--SiO.sub.2 --Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 --H.sub.2 O systems is very complicated. It is usually impossible to assign a simple chemical formula to it, especially at ordinary temperatures of interest in flue gas desulfurization. At temperatures from 20.degree. C. to about 100.degree. C., two main calcium silicate hydrates are formed, mono- and dicalcium silicate hydrates. Their ratio appears to depend on the initial ratio of calcium to silica in the slurry. Both monocalcium silicate hydrate--CaOxSiO-- and dicalcium silicate hydrate--(CaO).sub.2 xSiO.sub.2 xH.sub.2 O--are fibrous gels of specific surface areas in the range of 100-300 m.sup.2 /g. At 20.degree.-100.degree. C. after 8 hours of hydration, tobermorites (calcium silicate hydrates) may crystallize, also of high surface area.
The reaction of fly ash and Ca(OH).sub.2 in the presence of water is called a pozzolanic reaction. A pozzolan is a siliceous or siliceous and aluminous material which in itself possesses little or no cementitous value but will, in finely divided form and in the presence of moisture, chemically react with calcium hydroxide at ordinary temperatures to form compounds possessing cementitous properties. Due to small particle size and generally noncrystalline character, fly ash usually shows pozzolanic properties, or pozzolanic and cementitous properties in case of high-calcium ashes. High-calcium fly ash contains tricalcium aluminate hydrate, which is the most re
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The government may own certain rights in the present invention pursuant to EPA cooperative Agreement CR 81-1531.
This application is a division of copending application Ser. No. 07/469,804, filed Jan. 22, 1990, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,047,221, which has a continuation of Ser. No. 163,864, filed Mar. 3, 1988, now abandoned, which was a continuation-in-part of Ser. No. 930,171, filed Nov. 10, 1986, now abandoned which was a continuation-in-part of Ser. No. 928,337, filed Nov. 7, 1986, now U.S. Pat. No. 4,804,521.
Brna Theodore G.
Chang John C. S.
Jorgensen Claus
Jozewicz Wojciech
Rochelle Gary T.
Board of Regents , The University of Texas System
Collins Laura E.
Housel James C.
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