Electric heating – Metal heating – Nonatmospheric environment at hot spot
Patent
1990-02-06
1991-04-02
Shaw, Clifford C.
Electric heating
Metal heating
Nonatmospheric environment at hot spot
B23K 918
Patent
active
050048856
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The invention relates to equipment for arc welding, and more specifically, it deals with an apparatus for overhead submerged-arc welding.
2. Description of the Related Art
A large number of operations are performed in the manufacture of welded structures with welding of rotatable annular joints of hollow products with a restricted access to joints being welded from the interior. Such joints include annular joints of closed vessels, annular joints of pipelines, tanks, casings, assembly welds, shell plating seams of ship hulls; longitudinal welds of large-area products which it is difficult to place to a position facilitating welding. Such joints include joints between difficult-to-position webs, segments, three-dimensional and planar sections and other members.
The overhead submerged-arc welding method is characterized by the fact that a consumable electrode and welding bath are turned at 180.degree. in comparison with the downhand submerged-arc welding. Flux and electrode are supplied from bottom up, i.e. as though towards a ceiling. The electrode is supplied through compacted flux.
This is why this welding method will be referred to hereinbelow as overhead submerged-arc welding.
This welding method is referred to as the overhead submerged-arc welding also because arc is in the body of metal.
So called overhead welds are produced as a result of such welding.
Overhead welds may be of various types, e.g. penetration overhead welds and sealing overhead welds. There may also be one-pass overhead welds and other overhead welds.
The penetration overhead welds are the welds which are first to be produced in welding a joint and which are located in the top part of sections being welded, on the opposite side of the joint with respect to the electrode supply. Further welding of the joint, i.e. producing further welds, can be carried out by any appropriate known method, the electrode being supplied on the same side as was the case in producing the penetration overhead weld, e.g. producing inner penetration welds of rotatable annular joints of vessels, tanks, joints between bottom sections of shell plating of ships, and other structures.
The overhead submerged-arc welding of penetration welds mainly allows welding inside vessels in producing rotatable annular welds to be eliminated, and welding can also be avoided in confined spaces in producing straight welds of structures with an access on the side opposite to the ceiling.
The sealing overhead welds are the welds which are first to be produced in welding a joint and which are located in the bottom part of sections being welded on the joint side in the vicinity to the electrode supply. Further welding is carried out by any appropriate known method, the electrode being supplied on the opposite side of the joint as compared with overhead welding.
In practice, the penetration overhead welds are produced in welding annular and longitudinal joints of structures with a restricted access to joints being welded from the interior.
The sealing welds are produced in welding elongated longitudinal joints of difficult-to-position products such as plate structures made out of segments or other members.
The one-pass overhead welds are the welds produced in welding joints of a limited thickness located over the whole welded section. No further welding of the joint on either side is required.
Many problems arise in producing sealing and one-pass welds in forming the surface of the finished weld.
The metal in the welding bath formed during arcing by fusion of the metal being welded, electrode material and welding flux is held by the crust of partly melted flux and by forming means. Forming means may be of various configuration and size and may be, e.g. in the form of plates, backings, bars, sliders and other members.
Flux is positively pressed against the welding spot from bottom, and as flux is consumed, its stock is continually replenished. Flux may be supplied for forming the top part of the weld either on the bottom side throu
Chvertko Anatoly I.
Juschenko Konstantin A.
Kovalev Valentin D.
Kuzmenko Vladimir G.
Privalov Nikolai T.
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