Chemical apparatus and process disinfecting – deodorizing – preser – Chemical reactor – With means applying electromagnetic wave energy or...
Reexamination Certificate
2001-06-29
2004-01-06
Diamond, Alan (Department: 1753)
Chemical apparatus and process disinfecting, deodorizing, preser
Chemical reactor
With means applying electromagnetic wave energy or...
C422S186220, C422S186230, C422S186260, C422S186270, C204S164000, C204S165000, C204S168000, C044S628000
Reexamination Certificate
active
06673322
ABSTRACT:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the invention
The present invention relates to a novel, highly efficient, nonpollutant, oxygen rich and cost competitive gas and associated method of making same.
2. Description of the related art.
The ability to produce a combustible gas from underwater arcs between carbon electrodes was discovered and patented in the 19th century. Subsequently, various patents have been obtained in the 20th century based on improvements of this process.
As is shown in the art discussed above, the arc is generally produced between two carbon rods immersed in water via a DC power unit, such as a welder absorbing 15 KW of electric power, with the arc operating at low voltage (25-35 V) and high current (300 A to 400 A). Proportionately larger values of arc voltage and current are produced by larger power units. The high value of the current brings to incandescence the tip of the carbon cathode, with a consequential disintegration of the carbon crystal, and a release of highly ionized carbon atoms to the liquid. Jointly, the arc separates the water into mostly ionized atoms of hydrogen and oxygen. This creates in the immediate cylindrical surroundings of the arc a high temperature plasma, generally of about 7,000 degrees F, which is composed of mostly ionized H, O, C and other atoms.
A number of chemical reactions then occur within or near the plasma, including but not limited to, the creation of carbon monoxide and its subsequent oxidation into carbon dioxide due to the presence of the arc within a mixture of oxygen and carbon monoxide and the creation of water molecules due to the presence of the arc within a mixture of hydrogen and oxygen.
Despite research and developments conducted by numerous scientists for decades, the technology of combustible gas produced by an underwater arc between carbon electrodes has not reached industrial or consumer maturity. In addition, no equipment for producing said combustible gas for actual usages is currently sold to the public in the U.S.A. or abroad. In fact, the only equipment available is that equipment for research on or for the generation of different types of gases (for instance, gases with implosive characteristics, such as the so-called Brown Gas) that are not useful in internal combustion engines.
These prior art gasses and underwater arcs have a number of shortcomings. Specifically, various measurements conducted at independent laboratories have established that the gas produced by a typical underwater arc generally contains 9%-10% of carbon dioxide, which increases to about 18% in the combustion exhausts.
By comparison, gasoline combustion exhausts contain only about 9% carbon dioxide, while the combustion exhausts of natural gas have about 12% carbon dioxide for the same performance or engine power. Therefore, the gas produced in accordance with the prior art emits in its combustion about two (2) times the carbon dioxide present in the gasoline combustion exhaust. This particularly problematic carbon dioxide is the primary source of the green house effect in our planet. It is evident that the carbon dioxide emission of the combustible gas produced according to the prior art is unacceptable for regular industrial and consumer production and sale.
Further, as established by certified measurements, a known underwater arc with a 13 Kwh power unit produces 24.5 cubic feet of gas per hour with the arc operating in DC mode at 34 V and 230 A. These known underwater arcs yield an excessively low efficiency E=24.5 cfh/13 Kwh=1.86 cf/Kwh. In addition, the carbon rods of these prior art devices have an excessively short life span. Specifically, certified measurements indicate that for power units of about 14 Kwh, the electrodes are typically composed of solid carbon rods of about ⅜ inch in diameter and about 1 foot length. These rods are consumed at the rate of about 1.250 inch in length per minute, thus requiring the halting of the operation, and the replacement of the electrodes approximately every 10 minutes.
The same tests have also shown that, for 100 Kwh power input, said electrodes are generally constituted by solid carbon rods of about 1 inch diameter and of the approximate length of one foot, which are consumed under a continuous underwater arc at the rate of about 3 inches in length per minute, thus requiring servicing and replacement after about 3 to 4 minutes of operation.
In either case, 14 Kwh or 100 Kwh, current equipment requires servicing after only a few minutes of usage, which is unacceptable on industrial and consumer grounds for evident reasons, including increased risks of accidents for very frequent manual operations in a high current equipment.
In view of the prior art considered as a whole at the time the present invention was made, it was not obvious to those of ordinary skill in the pertinent art how these problems could be overcome.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The long-standing but heretofore need for an improved, highly efficient, nonpollutant, oxygen rich, cost competitive, combustible gas and an associated method of making same is now met by the present invention.
Regarding the various configurations and features of the arc, which forms a portion of the invention described herein below, it should be noted that in another application by the inventor herein, namely application Ser. No. 09/372,277, filed Aug. 11, 1999, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,183,604 B1, issued Feb. 6, 2001, the anode electrode was made to continuously rotate so that the arc moved away from the plasma created by the arc. In the present invention, the liquid is force flown or directed toward and through the arc, while the electrodes may or may not be stationary, to cause the created plasma to move away from the arc. So in a sense, the above mentioned patent and the present invention described herein below complement each other.
The invention is an apparatus for the production of a clean burning combustible gas. It includes an enclosed pressure resistant reactor chamber housing a pair of electrodes. The chamber is substantially filled with a liquid. An electric power supply for generating an underliquid arc between the pair of electrodes in the enclosed chamber is provided.
Of importance is the feature of means for recirculating and directing a flow of the liquid through the arc between the pair of electrodes so that a plasma created by the arc is moved away from the arc.
Means for recovering from the enclosed chamber a combustible magnegas produced by said underliquid arc is provided in the form of an outflow line in communication with a storage/collecting container or tank.
Both the gas and the liquid acquire a chemical structure of magnecules, which are composed of clusters of one of a molecule, a dimer, an atom and combinations thereof in combination with one of another molecule, dimer or atom, and any combination thereof, said magnecules being detectable via peaks in mass spectrometry. The peaks in the mass spectrometry are unidentifiable as any known conventional molecule and the magnecules have no infrared signature for a gas or ultraviolet signature for a liquid other than a corresponding signature of conventional molecules or dimers constituting said magnecules.
The magnecules are formed by mutual attractions among opposite polarities of a magnetic polarization of orbits of peripheral electrons and a polarization of the intrinsic magnetic moments of nuclei and electrons of the atomic constituents of said magnecules when exposed to an extreme magnetic field existing at atomic distances from the arc.
The arc decomposes the liquid into its atomic constituents by forming the plasma, which is composed of mostly ionized atoms of hydrogen, oxygen, and carbon.
The plasma cools down in the surrounding liquid resulting in the clean burning combustible gas that is essentially composed of one of atoms of hydrogen, oxygen and carbon, dimers of carbon dioxide and water, and molecules of hydrogen, oxygen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and water, and any combinations thereof, clustered into said magnecules.
When th
Diamond Alan
Hadronic Press Inc.
LaPointe Dennis G.
Mason Law, P.A.
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