Liquid purification or separation – Magnetic
Patent
1981-06-19
1983-06-28
Spear, Jr., Frank A.
Liquid purification or separation
Magnetic
B01D 3506
Patent
active
043904238
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an apparatus for the magnetic treatment of a flowing liquid, such as water, in order to prevent precipitation of dissolved substances and to reduce the corrosive effects of the liquid on the conduits and service apparatus contacted thereby. Such magnetic treatment of flowing liquids and various apparatus for effecting the treatment are previously known and are of particular interest in relation to water of the type which is apt to cause scale, e.g., calciferos deposits.
Such previously known treatment apparatus comprise a flow-through housing which is made, at least in part, of a ferromagnetic material and which contains at least one permanent magnet having at least one pole shoe so mounted in the housing that the pole shoe defines a gap through which the liquid to be treated is caused to flow, the liquid being subjected to the magnetic field created between the pole shoe and the wall of the housing. When using permanent magnets in the shape of a rod or an annular cylinder, the flow section and length of the gap is relatively restricted, so that it is necessary to provide very great permanent magnets, with the inconveniences inherent to the dimensions of the permanent magnet. Further, the magnets must be prepared from cast magnetic alloys having a high cobalt content.
The apparatus according to the present invention is constructed so as to satisfy the desire for a great flow section and so as to allow the use of magnets prepared from ferritic material of moderate dimensions.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
According to the invention, the apparatus includes a pole shoe which is formed with at least one projecting part extending along the pole surface of the permanent magnet at an angle to the flow direction of the liquid through the gap. When using ferritic or other ceramic magnets which, while retaining a high remanence, may be prepared in the shape of discs or cylinders of relatively little height, it is possible to form the gap between the pole shoe and the housing along a line which extends acutely with respect to the flow direction of the liquid, possibly in the form of an angle or a screw line, from one end of a pole surface to the other, so that the gap will be of a comparatively great length parallel to the pole surface in the flow direction of the liquid.
The efficiency of the apparatus may be increased by arranging two or more permanent magnets in parallel in the flow path of the liquid to be treated, with one pole shoe on each of the pole surfaces which face each other.
Further, the flow section of the gap between the pole shoe and the housing may be adjusted in accordance with the desired quantity of flow by arranging a member made of non-ferromagnetic material in the gap for the purpose of short circuiting the magnetic field.
The apparatus according to the invention will now be more fully described with reference to the accompanying drawings, which illustrate various embodiments of the apparatus.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
In the drawings,
FIG. 1 is an external side view of the inventive apparatus,
FIG. 2 is a sectional view of one embodiment of the inventive apparatus as seen at about half way along its length and in the direction of flow of the liquid passing therethrough, the apparatus including one magnet and two magnet gaps arranged in parallel in the liquid flow,
FIG. 3 is a sectional view of another embodiment of the inventive apparatus as seen at about half way along its length and in the direction of flow of the liquid, the apparatus including two magnets arranged in parallel in the liquid flow with associated facing pole shoes,
FIG. 4 illustrates the surface of one type of a pole shoes as seen towards N in FIG. 2, FIGS. 4a and 4b representing respective sectional and partial sectional views taken at the lines a--a and b--b of an inventive apparatus containing twin magnets and associated facing pole shoes as shown in FIG. 4,
FIG. 5 illustrates a pole shoe provided with a V-formed projection, FIGS. 5a, 5b and 5c representing
REFERENCES:
patent: 2678728 (1954-05-01), Spodig
patent: 2678729 (1954-05-01), Spodig
patent: 2876902 (1959-03-01), Varekamp
patent: 3228878 (1966-01-01), Moody
patent: 3345594 (1967-10-01), Vermelren
patent: 3680705 (1972-08-01), Happ et al.
patent: 4278549 (1981-07-01), Abrams
Olaf Fjeldsend A/S
Spear, Jr. Frank A.
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