Chemical apparatus and process disinfecting – deodorizing – preser – Chemical reactor – Including heat exchanger for reaction chamber or reactants...
Patent
1997-10-28
1999-08-31
Griffin, Walter D.
Chemical apparatus and process disinfecting, deodorizing, preser
Chemical reactor
Including heat exchanger for reaction chamber or reactants...
422197, 422196, 422202, 422204, 422209, 422211, 481273, 481275, 481279, F28D 700
Patent
active
059450746
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to an apparatus for indirectly transferring heat to a process medium, especially for carrying out hydrocarbon steam.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
German Publication DE-PS 919 657 discloses a device for deflecting asses through long ducts. In this device, uniform distribution of the gas through exit ports in the side walls of the long ducts is realized through the mounting of blades, but in a hook-like fashion, such that the blades extend into the duct at a right angle to the flow direction.
From DE-PS 919 657, a device for deflecting gasses that flow through long ducts is known. This device serves for uniform distribution to exit openings in the side walls of the ducts and comprises blades bent in a hook-like fashion, which extend into the duct at a right angle to the flow direction.
For hydrocarbon steam reformation, apparatus like the example shown in FIGS. 5 to 7, in different views and partial section, are often used. The prior art apparatus of FIGS. 5-7 has a substantially cuboid-shaped heating chamber 1, which is heated by a plurality of burners 2. The burners 2 are arranged proximate an upper surface of the heating chamber in rows in the roof of the cuboid, and their flame is directed vertically upward. Heat exchanger tubes 3 are arranged between the rows of burners on a vertical plane. A process medium for an endothermic chemical reaction can be run through these heat exchanger tubes 3. The process medium is heated primarily by the radiant heat produced during combustion, but partially by convection as well. To extract the combustion gasses from the heating chamber 1, waste gas ducts 4 are arranged on the bottom of the heating chamber 1. The waste gas ducts 4, are closed on top. The waste gas ducts 4 are arranged parallel to the rows of heat exchanger tubes 3 and the rows of burners and have a substantially rectangular cross-section. The waste gas ducts 4 are made of a refractory-grade material (e.g., built of refractory-grade bricks). Numerous openings 5 are distributed along the axial length of the waste gas ducts 4 in the lower part of their side walls. Through these openings 5, the waste gas can make its way from the heating chamber 1 into the interior of the waste gas ducts 4. The waste gas then flows through the waste gas ducts 4 laterally out of the heating chamber 1 and enters a collection ducts, into which all waste ducts 4 open. The waste gas is fed through the collection duct to a means for using the residual heat still contained in the waste gas, and finally discharged into the open air.
In the practical operation of the prior art apparatus, it has been found that heat transfer to the heat exchanger tubes is not uniform. This is reflected by the evidence found during the maintenance of such prior art apparatus. If some of the heat exchanger tubes are exposed to greater heat, these tubes age more rapidly and must be replaced sooner. In this situation, the choice is between either replacing all of the heat exchanger tubes, including those that do not yet need to be replaced, or exchanging only some of the tubes. The latter choice results in more frequent interruptions of operation for maintenance and repair and the former is more expensive in that some of the heat exchanger tubes are replaced before the end of their useful life.
Because the heat exchanger tubes are heated largely by radiant heat, it is very important that the tubes be exposed to the same conditions with respect to the effects of the heat radiation source. When the waste gas ducts have a rectangular cross-section, this happens as a matter of principle. FIG. 8, which shows a sliced section through a heating chamber 1, schematically illustrates such a rectangular duct in greater detail. The openings 5 in the side walls of the waste gas duct 4 for the passage of waste gasses are arranged along a bottom of waste gas duct 4. Another known form for a waste gas duct 4a is shown in FIG. 9. This waste gas duct 4a also has a rectangular cross-section, but its cross-section changes cont
Nomden Jan Frederik
Van Der Plas Willem
Waterreus Franciscus Petrus Marie
Doan Tung
Griffin Walter D.
K.T.I. Group B.V.
Mannesmann Aktiengesellschaft
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