Pumps – Combined
Patent
1979-04-05
1982-06-08
Freeh, William L.
Pumps
Combined
417454, 366267, 366337, F04B 3912, F04B 3914
Patent
active
043337295
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
TECHNICAL FIELD
The invention concerns an apparatus for homogenizing liquid and viscous substances, consisting of a high-pressure pump with a crank drive and at least one piston driven by means of connecting rods and side rods, guided in a cylinder block, connected to a homogenizing device placed on the cylinder block, which device has a homogenizing head that consists of a sleeve with a smooth, conical let-through borehole opening out on the outlet side and a plunger held in this borehole by means of axial compression; this plunger consists of a solid section with an essentially truncated-cone-shaped surface, on which axial and successive steps are built, each of which steps are placed with their outer periphery toward the borehole.
THE BASIC STATE OF THE ART
In known homogenizing devices of this type, the high-pressure pump is constructed as a piston pump, the piston of which is driven by a crank drive with a flanged motor by means of connecting and side rods. The homogenizing device properly speaking, i.e., the homogenizing head with the plunger, is placed directly on the cylinder block.
In such homogenizing devices, the liquid to be homogenized is aspirated into the cylinder through the inlet by reverse drive of the piston, and is pressed out from the cylinder by the homogenizing head during the compression process. Such devices may operate with or without inlet and outlet valves and, in addition, several pistons may operate in parallel on the homogenizing head.
It is a disadvantage in these known homogenizing devices that there is an unsteady operation due to the parallel operation of the pistons. In order to avoid this disadvantage, a method is known for nonparallel operation of the pistons, by allowing them to operate in staggered fashion according to number. In order to draw up such a design without valves, each cylinder must have its own homogenizing head.
In fact, this arrangement offers the advantage of a steadier and more uniform operation of the piston pump; however, the flow of the liquid through the homogenizing unit is discontinuous.
A continuous passage through the homogenizing head is of advantage for a good liquid dispersion. This continuous operation can be obtained in the case of a multi-cylinder design with at least two cylinders operating on a single homogenizing head, by providing this unit with valves both at the inlet and outlet sides of the cylinder head.
Such homogenizing devices operating with valves have the basic disadvantage that they can be easily stopped up, the valves frequently leak, and, in particular, it is very difficult to clean the cylinder head equipped with outlet valves, and the plunger in the homogenizing head, upon continuous impact through the dispersing liquid, no longer contacts the throat in the sleeve and is no longer centered or is displaced somewhat in the borehole.
Another criticism of the design of homogenizing devices is the formation of the plunger contained in the homogenizing head. It is known that the plunger is designed with sequential axial steps in such a way that they have the form of a rectangle in the profile contained in the solid longitudinal axis of the plunger. Consequently, the steps contact the spherical borehole via truncated-cone-shaped ring surfaces, the size of which depends on the respective height of the individual steps. Recesses of uniform height are provided between the steps; the substance to be homogenized is spun out after passing through one step and can then be mixed again. All of the steps are of uniform height and therefore take up the same quantity of substance before it passes to the next step. Since the substance to be homogenized must pass through flat spaces pressed tightly against each other, only a limited degree of pulverization of particles can be obtained; in addition, in those cases when the substance has a pulpy or viscous consistency, a very high pressure is required and only a very low throughput is obtained. In some cases, when a particle, which is somewhat more resistant than the other particles, get
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Cohen Jerry
Freeh William L.
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