Abrasive tool making process – material – or composition – With carbohydrate or reaction product thereof
Patent
1986-09-15
1988-09-06
Olszewski, Robert P.
Abrasive tool making process, material, or composition
With carbohydrate or reaction product thereof
51439, B24C 700
Patent
active
047683147
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to apparatus for generating an abrasive fluid jet and especially to such apparatus for use in cleaning and cutting operations.
Prior apparatus of this sort includes a jetting head for ejecting a jet of abrasive particles entrained in a stream of a fluid which may be either gas or liquid, normally either air or water. The fluid is normally passed axially through the head as a high pressure jet and the abrasive particles are introduced into the fluid jet generally at an angle to the direction of flow thereof and are entrained in the jet so that a jet of abrasive particles is ejected at high speed from the outlet of the head onto the article to be abrasively treated. The abrasive particles are introduced into the head in flowable form and may be either dry, in which case they are usually fed into the jet already entrained in air, or wet, in which case they are normally fed into the jet in the form of a liquid slurry. In most hitherto known apparatus the head operates as a jet pump in that the venturi effect of the fluid jet passing through the head draws the abrasive particles into the head.
The hitherto known apparatus has a number of disadvantages which primarily arise because the head operates as a jet pump. First, the concentration of abrasive particles that can be entrained in the fluid jet is limited by the pumping capacity that can be generated thereby and moreover it is extremely difficult to ensure a constant concentration of abrasive particles in the jet. Secondly, the source of abrasive particles must be close to the head because the jet pump cannot draw the abrasive particles through long runs of piping. Thirdly, when the fluid jet is reduced or switched off the pump action drops to such levels that the abrasive particles settle in the feed pipe thus causing blockage of the feed pipe. Such blockages are virtually impossible to clear simply by re-generating the fluid jet to recreate the jet pump effect.
Because of the low concentration of abrasive material and the inconsistencies in the concentration it has not proved possible with the hitherto known apparatus to provide an abrasive jet with the capacity for cutting hard materials such as stone and metals and the use of the hitherto known apparatus has generally been limited to cleaning operations and the cutting of soft materials.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
This invention provides apparatus which does not suffer from the above disadvantages and which allows the generation of an extremely high speed jet carrying a very high and consistent concentration of abrasive particles that can be used for cutting such materials such as reinforced concrete and metals such as stainless steel pipe and sheet and which can also be operated at lower pressures and/or lower concentrations of abrasive particles to allow delicate cleaning operations such as descaling of castings and the like.
According to the invention apparatus for generating an abrasive fluid jet comprises feed means for continuously passing a measured amount of abrasive particles to a mixing hopper in which the abrasive particles are mixed with a carrier liquid to produce a slurry of consistent concentration, pump means for pumping the slurry from the mixing hopper to a jetting head, means for introducing a stream of fluid into the jetting head as a high speed jet in a direction substantially axially of the jetting head whereby the abrasive particles are entrained in the fluid jet and ejected from the head at high speed to impinge upon an object to be abrasively treated.
The jetting head is preferably of the type described and shown in our copending Application EP-A-019203 and comprises a housing defining a transfer space; outlet means defining an outlet aperture extending from the transfer space; jetting nozzle means of smaller cross section than the outlet means for directing a fluid as a jet axially into the transfer space and through the outlet aperture; inlet means located downstream from the jetting nozzle means along the axis of the jetting
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Fluid Engineering Products Limited
Olszewski Robert P.
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