Chemistry: electrical and wave energy – Apparatus – Coating – forming or etching by sputtering
Patent
1986-12-10
1989-02-14
Niebling, John F.
Chemistry: electrical and wave energy
Apparatus
Coating, forming or etching by sputtering
2041801, 4351722, 435173, 435287, 935 93, C12N 1500, C12N 1300
Patent
active
048044504
ABSTRACT:
Apparatus for fusing cells, wherein the fusion chamber is provided with a pair of spaced electrodes whose opposite surfaces have such a vertical dimension as to prevent any nonuniform electric field from adversely affecting fusion of cells. The electrodes may comprise a pair of parallel plate electrodes or cocentrically arranged hollow cylindrical electrodes the outer one of which has an inner circumferential surface of a first radius while the inner electrode has an outer circumferential surface of a second radius smaller than the first radius, the difference between the first and second radii being sufficiently small as compared with the whole length of the radii.
REFERENCES:
patent: 4441972 (1984-04-01), Pohl
patent: 4561961 (1985-12-01), Hofmann
patent: 4578167 (1986-03-01), Schoner
patent: 4578168 (1986-03-01), Hofmann
J. W. Watts and J. M. King, "A Simple Method for Large Scale Electrofusion and Culture Of Plant Protoplasts", Bioscience Reports 4 (1984), pp. 335-342.
K. Kinosita, Jr. and T. Y. Tsong, "Hemolysis Of Human Erythrocytes by a Transient Electric Field", Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA., vol. 74, No. 5, pp. 1923-1927, May 1977.
U. Zimmermann and J. Vienken, "Electric Field Induced Cell to Cell Fusion", J. Membrane Biol. 67, 165-182 (1982).
Imai Katsuyuki
Koga Mamoru
Mochizuki Takanori
Takayama Shinitiro
Toda Kenzo
Niebling John F.
Shimadzu Corporation
Starsiak Jr. John S.
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