Chemistry: electrical and wave energy – Apparatus – Electrolytic
Patent
1994-03-25
1995-06-27
Niebling, John
Chemistry: electrical and wave energy
Apparatus
Electrolytic
204263, 204272, 204275, C02F 1461
Patent
active
054276675
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to chemical engineering, and more particularly, to apparatus as for electrochemical treatment of water with a view to purifying thereof or monitoring the acid-base properties, oxidation-reduction properties and catalytic activity of water, and can be used for water purification and disinfection (until potable water is obtained from contaminated one), or producing detergent and disinfecting solutions.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
In applied electrical chemistry, use is made of electrolyzers of various design, which ensure water treatment.
Known in the art is an electrolyzer for water treatment, which comprises a case divided by a diaphragm into an anode chamber and a cathode chamber with perforated electrodes accommodated within them and pressed against the diaphragm, the electrode surface facing the diaphragm is covered with an electrical insulation material, and the perforations are coaxial (USSR Inventor's Certificate No. 882944, CO2F1/46, 1979).
The working surface of this electrolyzer diaphragm is restricted by the area of the perforations in the electrodes, which brings about an increase in weight and size, makes the apparatus more complex in design and requires considerable labour consumption in assembly, disassembly, sealing of the flat pack of electrodes and the diaphragm pressed between them with simultaneous matching of the multiple openings in the electrodes. Because of the non-uniform current distribution, chemical ageing of the diaphragm material and worsening of the electrolyzer characteristics take place.
An apparatus is also known for separate production of water treated in anode and cathode compartments, i.e. catholyte and anolyte, from salted water, used, respectively, as detergent and disinfection solutions in medicine ("Medical electrochemactivator", informational paper 03049 of 27/02/87). The apparatus includes a diaphragm flowtype electrolyzer with plane electrodes and a supply assembly combined with a control unit. The conventional solution is disadvantageous in that it features inadequate hydrodynamics, mixing of the products of the electrochemical reactions when using diaphragms of considerable flow, and also considerable manual labour requirements in the assembly and repair of the electrolyzer with plane electrodes.
The apparatus for water electrolysis (Japanese Patent Application No. 1-104387, CO2F1/46, 1989), most close to the apparatus according to the present invention as to the engineering solution and the result achieved, comprises a cylindrical electrolyzer with coaxial electrodes and a diaphragm therebetween arranged in dielectric sleeves, said diaphragm dividing the internal space into a cathode chamber and an anode chamber. Each chamber is provided with a separate inlet in the lower sleeve and a separate outlet in the upper sleeve of the electrolyzer, said inlet and outlet being in communication with intake and exhaust hydraulic lines for water flow under pressure. The apparatus also includes a d.c. current source connected to the electrolyzer electrode through a switching unit ensuring polarity alteration of the electrodes to eliminate cathode deposit with simultaneous switching of the hydraulic lines, providing for continuous feeding of the solutions from the anode and cathode chambers without mixing thereof. It is noted that the apparatus makes it possible to obtain the electrochemically treated water with bactericide properties.
The disadvantages of the known solution to the problem are large energy losses in water treatment, particularly of water time variable mineralization. The wider the range of possible water mineralization variations, the higher must be the electric power of the used d.c. current source. There are practically no cases when the power of the current source is used effectively to a full extent.
Moreover, the apparatus fails to ensure the stable characteristics of the solutions obtained with little mineralization of the source water.
When a considerable increase or decrease of the apparatus ca
REFERENCES:
patent: 4378276 (1983-03-01), Liggett et al.
patent: 5108563 (1992-04-01), Cook
Bakhir et al., "Electrochemical pre-model reactors" (1991) vol. 4 Moscow, no month.
Bakhir Vitold M.
Butin Sergei K.
Dzheiranishvili Nugzar V.
Leonov Boris I.
Naida Igor N.
Niebling John
Phasge Arun S,.
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