Distillation: apparatus – Apparatus – Systems
Patent
1992-07-23
1994-08-16
Manoharan, Virginia
Distillation: apparatus
Apparatus
Systems
159 22, 159DIG16, 159DIG26, 159DIG40, 159DIG42, 202238, 202242, 202269, 203 91, 203100, 203DIG2, 203DIG18, 219687, B01D 310, B01D 342
Patent
active
053384091
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The invention relates to an apparatus for distilling liquids in a vacuum.
2. Description of the Related Art
In practice an apparatus of this kind is known which is generally referred to as rotation evaporator and is provided for use in laboratories. The receptacle of this rotation evaporator is formed as a distilling flask of glass which is rotated about its axis by means of a motor during distillation and is connected via the so-called distillation head to the condenser e.g. a product condenser such as the Liebig condenser. The so-called receiver adapter forms the connection between the condenser and the collecting vessel, the so-called receiver. The vacuum source, for example a water jet pump, is connected to the condenser in the bottom region thereof. As a heating arrangement a so-called heating bath is used, preferably having a liquid heat transfer medium that can be heated by means of an immersion heater, a gas burner or electric hot plate.
Setting up the rotation evaporator, i.e. filling the distilling flask with the liquid to be distilled, and connecting it to the receiver adapter, is time consuming and impractical, and care must be taken in particular in relation to the precision of the connecting parts, i.e. of the ground glass joint, and in careful lubrication of the latter with vacuum grease. The distilling flasks often break during distillation, as they are made of glass, so that the distillation process has to be repeated. The comparatively great inertia of the different liquid heat transfer mediums used in the heating bath allows on the one hand an appropriately accurate temperature setting, but on the other hand it requires a relatively long time for different temperatures to be set. Moreover the rotation evaporator is not suitable for carrying out continuous distillation processes.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
It is the object of the invention to further develop the apparatus of the kind mentioned in the introduction so that it is not only easier and quicker to handle, and overall more economical, but it also fulfills the requirements for carrying out continuous distillation processes.
Depending on the microwave absorption properties of the materials used for the receptacle both polar and non-polar liquids can be heated extremely quickly to their respective boiling points with the apparatus according to the invention. This applies in particular to polar liquids in which heat is generated directly without heat having to be transferred from the receptacle.
The apparatus according to the invention may be set to different temperatures extremely quickly by, for example, simply switching on and off the microwave generator or by interrupting the coupling of the microwaves into the receiving chamber so that the time loss, when readjusting the apparatus for distilling liquids having different boiling points, is negligibly small.
The economy achieved with the apparatus according to the invention can be increased by the use of a power-controlled or regulated microwave generator when the liquid is quickly heated to the boiling point with a microwave radiation power that is higher than is necessary to maintain the boiling temperature. The receiving chamber of the apparatus according to the invention is closed on all sides during distillation. It thus has no free surfaces as with the heating baths used in the prior art, so that its radiation of heat is reduced with corresponding increased economy achieving the apparatus. The economy achieved by the apparatus is also improved because, when using the apparatus according to the invention, the receptacles need not necessarily be of glass, so that glass breakage and thus the need to repeat a distillation occurs correspondingly less often.
The apparatus according to the invention can furthermore be set up quickly and simply for distillation: the receptacle is placed by hand or, for example by means of a loading and unloading device, automatically on the door arrangement that is in the open position, and whi
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Manoharan Virginia
MLS Mikrowellen-Labor-Systeme GmbH
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