Measuring and testing – Vibration – Sensing apparatus
Patent
1981-11-12
1984-01-17
Birmiel, Howard A.
Measuring and testing
Vibration
Sensing apparatus
73660, G01M 122, G01M 1300, G01N 2900
Patent
active
044257988
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
TECHNICAL FIELD
The present invention generally relates to an apparatus for diagnosing abnormalities occurring in a source of rotary drive and/or a transmission system for the rotary drive and, more particularly, to a portable apparatus which can be brought to the site of installation of a rotating machine for diagnosing an abnormality occurring in the rotating machine by analyzing a spectrum of vibrations generated in the rotating machine.
BACKGROUND ART
In order to maintain machines and equipments at their optimum performance, the precautionary servicing and maintenance engineering has gained its importance and is currently effectively introduced in the factory workshop.
It has long been well known that, while most of the machines and equipments employed in various fields of industries utilize a rotating and a reciprocating machine, the presence of an abnormality in any one of the rotating and reciprocating machines can be determined when it is found that the overall amplitude of vibration detected from the machine becomes abnormally higher than the amplitude of vibration during a normal operating condition of the machine. In other words, the presence and absence of an abnormality in the machine can be determined by the magnitude of the overall amplitude of vibrations generated by such machine.
So far as the rotating machine is concerned, it is also well known, as it is actually performed, that the location of a trouble and a cause therefor can be specifically determined by detecting and analyzing the frequency spectra of vibrations and then by calculating the individual amplitudes of the frequency spectra.
According to the prior art, the trouble-shooting of the rotating machine is carried out by bringing a vibration recorder to the site of installation of the machine to be examined, recording data of vibrations of the machine on a magnetic recording tape, and analyzing the recorded vibration data by the use of a large-sized spectrum analyzer at a research laboratory or a similar establishment remote from the site of installation of the machine. This technique is far from the real-time analysis and is, therefore, inconvenient and timeconsuming.
In view of the above, there has been proposed a diagnosing apparatus incorporating therein a frequency spectrum analyzer utilizing a digital-type fast Fourier transform (FFT). With this diagnosing apparatus, the real-time determination of the presence and absence of an abnormality in the rotating machine can be performed in situ.
Specifically, this diagnosing apparatus weighs 10 to 30 Kg and for use is, brought to the site of installation of the rotating machine for the real time frequency analysis carried out in such a manner that, when a significant amplitude spectrum appears in a particular frequency component of the fundamental frequency which is a function of the number of revolution of the rotating machine being then examined, the particular frequency component containing the significant amplitude spectrum is checked against the frequencies of vibrations which have been generated by such machine and which have previously been theoretically classified according to the location of a trouble and the cause therefor, thereby to find the location of a trouble and the cause therefor.
As is well known to those skilled in the art, the frequency of vibrations generated by a rotating machine during occurrence of an abnormality, the location of the abnormality in such machine and the cause of such abnormality can be theoretically determined and have such a correlation as tabulated in FIG. 1 of the accompanying drawings.
Although the abnormality diagnosing apparatus incorporating the frequency spectrum analyzer using the fast Fourier transform (FFT) has the advantage that the determination of the presence and absence of the abnormality can be performed in situ on the real-time basis, it has the disadvantage that calculation of the distribution of frequency spectra according to the FFT system gives a limited resolving power because of the calculation being performed o
REFERENCES:
patent: 4184205 (1980-01-01), Morrow
patent: 4312232 (1982-01-01), Stoutenburg
patent: 4352293 (1982-10-01), Kurihara et al.
Nagai Isao
Wada Kenzo
Birmiel Howard A.
Kawasaki Steel Corporation
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