Chemistry: physical processes – Physical processes – Crystallization
Patent
1978-10-30
1981-02-17
Marcus, Michael S.
Chemistry: physical processes
Physical processes
Crystallization
23230A, 210662, 210664, 422 68, 422 76, 422106, G01N 2702, G01N 3318, G05D 900
Patent
active
042512204
ABSTRACT:
Apparatus of high sensitivity and accuracy for detecting and measuring very low levels of chlorides, sulfates, phosphates and nitrates in high pressure, high temperature feedwater present in once-through and supercritical boilers, nuclear reactors and cogeneration systems. A sample of feedwater at 350.degree. F. and above is maintained near atmospheric boiling point in a vented chamber where volatile gases, mainly carbon dioxide, are removed by venting. The effluent from this chamber passes through a flow-type conductivity cell, is cooled to 20.degree.-40.degree. C. and flows upward through a hydrogen exchange resin bed at a flow rate of approximately 250 and 1,000 ml/min and higher. Subsequent reboiling of the condensate in a reboil chamber with the help of a small orifice valve through which a part of the hot feedwater sample passes provides constant temperature control of the condensate at or near atmospheric boiling and at a constant level prior to flow through another flow-type conductivity cell. This last cell measures the conductivity of the chlorides, sulfates, phosphates and nitrates in the converted acid form and indicates the extent of the contaminants of the foregoing substances in the feedwater. A recorder electrically connected to both cells enables observation of the difference in conductivity between the two cells, thereby providing an approximation of the amine or ammonia content in the high pressure, high temperature feedwater. Individual small orifice valves control the volume and rate of flow of the feedwater supplied to both the vented and reboil chambers.
REFERENCES:
patent: 2617766 (1952-11-01), Emmett et al.
patent: 2832673 (1958-04-01), Larson et al.
patent: 3158444 (1964-11-01), Larson et al.
patent: 3495943 (1970-02-01), Kapff
patent: 3897213 (1975-07-01), Stevens et al.
Lane Russell W.
Larson Thurston E.
Neff Chester H.
Brown Charles H.
Marcus Michael S.
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