Distillation: apparatus – Apparatus – Systems
Patent
1985-02-28
1986-07-15
Kratz, Peter
Distillation: apparatus
Apparatus
Systems
202120, 202150, 202221, 202252, 202261, 202262, 202270, C10B 104
Patent
active
046004769
ABSTRACT:
A retort apparatus for recovering oil from crushed oil shale moved through an elongated housing, includes a plurality of heat exchangers located in the housing for transferring heat to or from the shale. The heat exchangers are spaced to define in sequence a drying zone, a preheating zone, a cracking and distillation zone, and a waste heat recovery zone. An auxiliary heating assembly connected to the heat exchangers delivers sufficient heat to raise the temperature of the shale in the cracking and distillation zone to the critical temperature for separating hydrocarbons in vapor form therefrom. The tubes of the heat exchangers are elongated ovals in cross-section and are offset from each other in alternate rows to increase the area of heat exchange and to reduce the temperature drop between the entering heated air and exiting heated air flowing through each heat exchange tube. The heat exchange tubes include common fins which encase banks of the tubes, with the fins on the banks of tubes being aligned with each other to provide passage for flow of crushed oil shale therethrough. A separating device is connected to the cracking and distillation zone to withdraw hydrocarbon vapors released from the shale and to condense the hydrocarbons. Additionally, the retort apparatus includes a device associated with the separating device for maintaining a predetermined operating pressure in the preheat and waste heat recovery zones to prevent separated hydrocarbon vapors from leaking to the atmosphere.
REFERENCES:
patent: 1763538 (1930-06-01), Randolph
patent: 1765771 (1930-06-01), Puening
Bobis Daniel H.
Edwards Engineering Corporation
Kratz Peter
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