Power plants – Fluid within expansible chamber heated or cooled – Having means within the working chamber to effect the...
Reexamination Certificate
2000-06-29
2002-10-29
Nguyen, Hoang (Department: 3746)
Power plants
Fluid within expansible chamber heated or cooled
Having means within the working chamber to effect the...
C060S515000, C060S526000, C060S530000
Reexamination Certificate
active
06470679
ABSTRACT:
PROBLEM
In the case of the transfer of entropy as, for example, in the use of solar energy or heat sources, such as the combustion of biomass, waste heat or geothermal heat, for example, for a required local supply for pumping power, mechanical drive, electrical energy, for provision of heat, the production of cold, cleaning or separating or the chemical or physical alteration of at least one substance by coupling to a periodically proceeding thermodynamic cycle, the aim is to render as low as possible the necessary outlay on energy carriers or mechanical energy, as well as the design, technological, financial or ecological outlay for
the construction of the entire apparatus, or the operating sequence of the entire method,
the thermal or mechanical energy transport(s) required in this case,
the methods or apparatuses which can be used in this case for the mechanical energy conversion, or
an integrated energy storage mechanism.
The thermodynamic cycles used so far (Stirling engine, steam turbine) are coupled in each case to two heatbaths at a constant temperature. As a result, energy transport can be performed only optically (in conjunction with parabolic mirrors or optical conductors) are via a material flow with a phase transition (heatpipe). Because the aim is an isothermal exchange of heat energy, the thermal energy can be stored only in chemical stores or in PCM devices. As a result, the outlay on concentrating the energy by the collector, on the transport and on a storage which is desirable for many applications becomes all too often excessive. If the aim is direct supply with cold or compressed air, for example, with as little an outlay as possible on apparatus, it is necessary in the case of many known systems to select the path passing via the interface of electrical power.
Object
In the case of a method and/or an apparatus for transferring entropy as in the use of solar energy or heat sources, such as the combustion of biomass, waste heat or geothermal heat, for example, for a required local supply for pumping power, mechanical drive, electrical energy, for provision of heat, the production of cold, cleaning or separating or the chemical or physical alteration of at least, one substance by coupling to a periodically proceeding thermodynamic cycle, whose efficiency is as high as possible, the central object of the invention is to render as low as possible the necessary outlay on energy carriers or mechanical energy, as well as the design, technological, financial or ecological outlay for
the construction of the entire apparatus, or the operating sequence of the entire method,
the thermal or mechanical energy transport(s) required in this case,
the methods or apparatuses which can be used in this case for the mechanical energy conversion, or
an integrated energy storage mechanism.
The above is achieved by means of an apparatus and a method for transferring entropy. At least one working volume filled with a working fluid is largely delimited from other spaces or the surroundings, by at least one valve and at least one pressure housing, optionally without or with a mechanical compression device such as, for example, one or more pistons, liquid pistons or diaphragms, and optionally at least one liquid boundary surface or none, in which:
in each case at least two mutually delimitable structures or structural elements through which working fluid is to flow in a period with a maximum quantity and which have heat transfer surfaces necessarily active for the thermodynamic process, in which in the operating state in each case isothermal surfaces of different temperature which are to be flowed through by the working fluid are formed,
optionally at least one or no element or structural element such as for example, a (foldable) diaphragm, folded, telescopic or resilient sheets, a regenerator structure of changeable shape or a liquid boundary surface, which is arranged between said structures or structural elements in a connecting and largely sealing fashion or is equipped with the action of a regenerator,
or at least one or no displacer piston which can be moved in this working volume,
and the limitation of the working fluid delimit at least one partial volume with a minimum size in a fashion largely free from overlap with a comparable volume and are partly caused by control system elements acting thereon by which, predominantly in those time periods of the periodically proceeding thermodynamic cycle, the ratio of this partial volume to this working volume is either enlarged or reduced during which the size of this working volume is changed in size only to a lesser degree. Depending on the pressure of the working fluid in this working volume, in each case at least one specific valve whose opening and closing times decisively influence the thermodynamic cycle, and which valve can delimit this working volume from at least one external space which is filled up with at least one working means in conjunction with partially differing pressures which are subjected to fluctuations which are only smaller relative to the periodic pressure change in this working volume during these time periods, is predominantly (in the time periods characterized above) held open by the control system or the flow pressure and flowed through. The valve is held closed during other time periods which proceed between these time period and in which the pressure of the working fluid in this working volume either rises or falls through the displacement of the above-named or further components or structural elements by the control system and the variation thereby caused in the mean temperature of the working fluid in this working volume and/or by a variation in the size of this working volume by the mechanical compression device, and the ratio of each partial volume as defined above to this working volume is varied only to a decisively lesser extent, wherein during a time interval which is much longer relative to the period there is either an absorption or output of thermal energy at least of one substance of a continuous or periodically swelling and subsiding mass flow in conjunction with a sliding temperature or with a plurality of temperature levels, and in this working volume at least one working means acts at least partially as a working fluid which traverses the periodic thermodynamic cycle.
The method according to the invention proceeds in an apparatus for transferring entropy, in which at least one working volume filled with a working fluid is largely delimited from other spaces or the surroundings, by at least one valve and at least one pressure housing, optionally without or with a mechanical compression device such as, for example, one or more pistons, liquid pistons or diaphragms, and optionally at least one liquid boundary surface or none, in which:
in each case at least two mutually delimitable structures or structural elements through which working fluid is to flow in a period with a maximum quantity and which have heat transfer surfaces necessarily active for the thermodynamic process, in which in the operating state in each case isothermal surfaces of different temperature which are to be flowed through by the working fluid are formed,
optionally at least one or no element or structural element such as for example, a (foldable) diaphragm, folded, telescopic or resilient sheets, a regenerator structure of changeable shape or a liquid boundary surface, which is arranged between said structures or structural elements in a connecting and largely sealing fashion or is equipped with the action of a regenerator,
or at least one or no displacer piston which can be moved in this working volume,
and the limitation of the working fluid delimit at least one partial volume with a minimum size in a fashion largely free from overlap with a comparable volume and are partly caused by control system elements acting thereon by which, predominantly in those time periods of the periodically proceeding thermodynamic cycle, the ratio of this partial volume to this working volume is either enlarged or reduced during which
Dority & Manning P.A.
Nguyen Hoang
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