Concentrating evaporators – Film type – Moving film
Patent
1981-09-15
1983-12-27
Garris, Bradley
Concentrating evaporators
Film type
Moving film
159 27D, 159 49, B01D 108, B01D 110, B01D 122
Patent
active
044228996
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
The subject of the present invention is a method for the vaporization of liquid in a heat exchanger of the vertical-tube type, in which exchanger the vapour or liquid delivering the heat is passed through the tubes of the group of tubes in the heat exchanger preferably from the bottom upwards.
There are vaporizers in which the vaporization takes place from a heat surface submerged in a liquid, as well as so-called film vaporizers. In the former case the vaporization starts when the temperature of the heat face exceeds the evaporation temperature of the liquid at the pressure prevailing on the face. The hydrostatic pressure of the liquid thereby increases the evaporation temperature and thereby reduces the temperature difference available for the transfer of heat.
On the contrary, in film vaporizers there is no increase in the boiling temperature results from hydrostatic pressure. Thus, in a film vaporizer it is possible to use lower differences in temperature or, alternatively, in a film vaporizer a smaller heat face is sufficient as compared with a thermositon or kettle vaporizer.
There are two main types of film vaporizers: vertical-tube and horizontal-tube types. In vertical-tube film vaporizers the vaporization takes place inside the tube, from a liquid film flowing either downwards or upwards. On the other hand, the horizontal type film vaporizers are based on a liquid film flowing downwards on the outer surface of the tubes, which liquid film is produced by means of nozzles or punched-sheet spraying.
The subject of the present invention is vaporization performed in a film vaporizer of the vertical-tube type, and the method is accordance with the invention is mainly characterized in that the liquid to be vaporized is passed to the mantle side into the upper part of the heat exchanger or into each nozzle basin of the heat exchanger separately and is guided so as to flow downwards on the outer face of the group of tubes as a liquid film, and the vapour developed from the liquid film is, by means of vapour flow passages formed into the group of tubes, passed from the lower part of the heat exchanger further into its object of use or from each component unit of the heat exchanger further into its object of use.
The invention also includes an apparatus for carrying out the method mentioned above.
In the film vaporizer of the vertical-tube type, recovery of heat is also possible from a polluted or polluting flow of medium. Since the medium flow that delivers the heat flows in the tubes, these can be easily cleansed when required. Owing to film vaporization, the heat transfer is efficient.
The invention comes out more closely from the following description and from the attached drawing, which illustrates a heat exchanger of the vertical-tube type in accordance with the invention as a side view schematically in section.
The heat exchanger shown in the drawing comprises a vertical cylindrical shell or mantle 4, inside which a group 7 of tubes if fitted by means of tube plates 5 and 6. In the lower part of the heat exchanger there is an inlet connection 8 for passing heat exchange fluid, such as vapour or possibly liquid, into the space 9 in the lower part of the heat exchanger and from there further inside the tubes in the group 7 of tubes upwards into the space 10 in the upper part of the heat exchanger, from which the vapour or liquid escapes through the connection 11. It is also possible that the vapour or liquid is passed into the heat exchanger through the connection 11, in which case its direction of flow in tubes in the group of tubes 7 is from the top downwards and in which case the vapour or liquid escapes from the heat exchanger through the connection 8 in the lower part.
It has been arranged so that the liquid to be vaporized is passed to the mantle side of the heat exchanger, i.e. into the closed space defined by the mantle 4 of the heat exchanger and by the outer face of the tubes in the group 7 of tubes and by the tube plates 5 and 6. The liquid to be vaporized is passed into the heat exchanger t
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Artamo Arvi
Juhola Pentti
Garris Bradley
Rintekno Oy
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