Classifying – separating – and assorting solids – Plural – diverse separating operations – Including sorting of special items or sorting by methods or...
Patent
1985-12-23
1987-03-24
Kashnikow, Andres
Classifying, separating, and assorting solids
Plural, diverse separating operations
Including sorting of special items or sorting by methods or...
209312, 209318, 209466, 209494, B03B 400, B07B 902
Patent
active
046523626
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
TECHNICAL AREA
The invention relates to an apparatus and a method for separating heavy material, more particularly stones or the like, from cereals and other bulk goods, by means of two superposed inclined vibrating tables having the same air flowing through them and having a common drive, the bottom table being constructed as a stone separating table.
BASIC PRIOR ART
For cereal cleaning, all foreign constituents and dirt must be removed before the grain is ground. Cleaning is effected in a number of steps. Conventionally, large foreign bodies are removed by screening means, the mesh size in each case being so selected as to reliably recover all the grain material as passed material, while all particles larger than the rejected material are separated. Fine dirt and fine sand can be separated simultaneously by a correspondingly fine-perforation screen. In this way the actual grain is obtained with a foreign content consisting particularly of small stones, glass splinters and metal particles, and various light materials, such as large husk portions, broken pieces of stalk and foreign crops, all within a certain particle size spectrum, e.g. in the range from 2 to 6 mm in the case of wheat grades, or between 5 mm and 20 mm in the case of maize. Depending upon their external shape and size, the light constituents are separated by special separating tables (e.g. Paddy separators or light grain separators). Up to some 20 years ago a large proportion of the grain material pre-screened in this way to a given particle range and with the light constituents removed was taken through a water bath and the adhering dirt and stones washed out. Because of their greater weight, it was possible to collect the stones in this way at the bottom of the washing machine by the settling process.
The great advantage of this cleaning method which has been used on a wide scale for so long lies in its very good cleaning effect, but the disadvantage is the very large quantities of polluted washing water, which because of the risk of microbioloical contamination can be used only once and then has to also be cleaned.
DE-A-1 973 708 proposed a very considerable advance in connection with cleaning grain and the separation of stones. In this specification to separate heavy constituents grain material was charged on to a vibrating and ventilated separating table, the entire flow of material previously being taken through a vibrating pre-layering duct over a certain path. In the duct the stones accumulate in a bottom product layer through the vibratory movement of the duct and assisted by the air movement in the immediate vicinity of the bottom surface of the duct. The product flow thus pre-layered is then fed, without disturbing the layering, to the central zone of the separating table, where it is distributed across the entire table width. The layer thickness is thus immediately reduced and since the table is inclined downwardly somewhat in opposition to the incoming feed flow, the heavy parts (e.g. stones) again accumulate as a bottom layer in the zone adjacent the table surface, and on this bottom layer the lighter good particles flow downwardly to the grain material outlet under the effect of the air flow and the vibration, in the form of a layer on the bottom layer. The heavier particles in the bottom layer are fed to the top end of the vibrating table as a result of the projectile and vibratory movement of the bottom table, the said movement here being directed in exact opposition to the direction of flow of the good grains, i.e. in the direction of the higher end of this vibrating table. As a result all the heavy particles can be discharged through the stone outlet at the higher end of this table. The separating quantity is very good in this known apparatus and is not greatly impaired in practice even in the event of minor disturbances, e.g. fluctuations in air speed or the like, and instantaneous power fluctuations. Of course only the function of separating heavy constituents from a regularly much larger mass of other grain materi
REFERENCES:
patent: 1068163 (1913-07-01), Payne
patent: 4319990 (1982-03-01), Muller
patent: 4466542 (1984-08-01), Oetiker et al.
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