Optical: systems and elements – Deflection using a moving element – Using a periodically moving element
Reexamination Certificate
1998-11-20
2002-04-23
Mullen, Thomas (Department: 2632)
Optical: systems and elements
Deflection using a moving element
Using a periodically moving element
C359S199200, C359S199200, C359S199200
Reexamination Certificate
active
06377377
ABSTRACT:
RELATED APPLICATIONS
This application is related to co-pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/197,823 entitled SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR GENERATING NRZ SIGNALS FROM RZ SIGNALS IN COMMUNICATIONS NETWORKS (Gehlot-7), now U.S. Pat. No. 6,055,283 and co-pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/197,071 entitled AUTOMATIC DELAY COMPENSATION FOR GENERATING NRZ SIGNALS FROM RZ SIGNALS IN COMMUNICATIONS NETWORKS (Gehlot-9), now U.S. Pat. No. 6,198,559, those applications having a common inventor and assignee with the instant application, and being incorporated herein by reference.
FIELD OF INVENTION
The present invention relates generally to the field of high speed optical communication and more particularly to high speed optical transmission systems utilizing dense wave division multiplexing (DWDM) and other like transmission schemes.
BACKGROUND OF INVENTION
In optical communications systems or optical networks utilizing dense wave division multiplexing (DWDM) and other optical transmission schemes, a laser diode is used to convert electrical signals to optical pulses for transmission over fiber optic cable. To a certain extent, most laser diodes have one or more of the following drawbacks when used for optical transmission, even without data modulation being applied: 1) Random optical amplitude fluctuations referred to as relative intensity noise (RIN) amplitude; 2) Random optical phase fluctuations, where the optical phase noise is also related to optical frequency noise; and 3) Random polarization fluctuations which result because of random polarization phase changes or individual random amplitude changes of polarization states or both.
In addition to the above drawbacks, when a laser diode is directly modulated, i.e., the laser diode current is changed in accordance with the digital data to be transmitted, the optical power output (RIN) and optical frequency change randomly, producing what is termed chirp. As is understood by those skilled in the art, chirp broadens the output spectrum of the laser diode. That is, the linewidth of the laser diode is broadened and thus additional optical frequencies are present at the transmitter. As a result of chirp, transmission distances are shortened and data rates are reduced. Furthermore, optical power limitations may be imposed to limit significant energy utilized as a result of the additional frequencies which are present because of chirp. As would be understood, chirp will depend on modulation waveform types, such as, square wave (maximum chirp), triangular wave, and sinusoidal wave (minimum chirp).
In addition to the above limitations which are present with the laser diode when used in connection with high speed optical communications, the fiber optic cable as used in the transmission introduces certain impairments into the data due to the non-linearities in the fiberoptic cable itself. As would be understood, the impairments may include dispersion, self phase modulation (SPM), cross phase modulation (XPM), four wave modulation FWM, optical channel gain fluctuations in optical amplifiers due to bit patterns, etc.
The high speed optical communications which takes place within the optical systems and networks utilizing the laser diodes and fiberoptic cable may be transmitted using any one of a number of transmission coding schemes. Unipolar return-to-zero (URZ) and unipolar no-return-to-zero (UNRZ) schemes are commonly used in optical data transmission because of their unipolar characteristics. Since laser power is either zero or a certain positive quantity, only unipolar encoding can be implemented in fiber optical communication systems. UNRZ is a widely used optical communication technique for laser modulation in optical communications because of its low bandwidth requirement as compared to URZ. URZ offers some advantages when used in fiberoptic systems with optical amplifiers; however, this use is at the cost of higher bandwidth.
High speed optical transmitters in the prior art have adopted one or the other coding scheme depending on a particular application and the amount of resources available, e.g., power, bandwidth, etc. The above discussed drawbacks and limitations associated with laser diodes and the corresponding optical networks are present, however, regardless of which of the coding schemes is utilized.
Accordingly, there is a need in the art for an optical transmitting device which combines advantages with respect to transmission of both the URZ and UNRZ coding schemes, while at the same time eliminating those limitations and impairments found in prior art laser diodes and optical networks.
SUMMARY OF TIE INVENTION
The present invention is a transmitter device and related system and method for use in high speed optical transmission systems. In one exemplary embodiment of the present invention, light from a laser diode power output is split into two branches of substantially equal power. A first optical modulator, for example a phase modulator, receives light from the first branch and modulates URZ data from a URZ coder thereon. A second optical modulator receives light from the laser diode on the second branch and modulates delayed data (URZ
d
) representative of the URZ data from the URZ coder thereon. The net delay at the receiver in the delayed URZ
d
data is preferably T/2, where T is a pulse period of URZ data. The first and second sets of data originating from the first and second branches of the transmitter, respectively, are uniquely added together at the transmitter, fiber or receiver in order to realize UNRZ data. With dispersive optical fiber cable between the transmitter and receiver these signals encounter propagation delays and arrive at the receiver separately. By changing the optical delay in one or the other or both arms of the receiver or other location, the dispersion effect is compensated for without using costly high dispersion fiber which may require expensive optical amplifiers for additional gain or other like methods to control dispersion. An advantage of the present invention is that bit pattern dependent gain fluctuations in individual optical amplifiers across multiple dense wavelengths are eliminated because of the transmission of constant envelopes. Also the transmitted spectrum is compact which significantly reduces XPM and SPM as both optical and electrical harmonics are reduced to a minimum. A further advantage of the present invention is that the overall bandwidth of the transmitted data is the same as UNRZ. Although described as including a first and second modulator, it would be understood that a single modulator and/or a single channel from the optical source could also be utilized.
REFERENCES:
patent: 5339183 (1994-08-01), Suzuki
patent: 5373382 (1994-12-01), Pirio et al.
patent: 5872647 (1999-02-01), Taga et al.
patent: 6072615 (2000-06-01), Mamyshev
patent: 6163394 (2000-12-01), Webb
patent: 6198559 (2001-03-01), Gehlot
Lucent Technologies - Inc.
Mullen Thomas
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