Chemical apparatus and process disinfecting – deodorizing – preser – Analyzer – structured indicator – or manipulative laboratory... – Calorimeter
Patent
1980-02-14
1982-12-28
Marantz, Sidney
Chemical apparatus and process disinfecting, deodorizing, preser
Analyzer, structured indicator, or manipulative laboratory...
Calorimeter
23927, 356244, 422 67, G01N 2176
Patent
active
043661181
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
It has been usual in, for example, medical and biomedical research and routine investigation and diagnostics, to measure the concentration in sample of various substances, hereinafter referred to as analytes, by causing such analytes to take part in a luminescent reaction with other predetermined substances, selected so that the output of luminescince in the reaction is uniquivocally related to analyte concentration. Measurements have been conducted more especially on substances present in body fluids, for example hormones, medicaments and blood constituents.
Publications in which such measurements have been described include UK Patent Specification No. 1461877 Wellcome Foundation; Belgian Patent Specification No. 856182 Maier; and the Proceedings of the First International Symposium on Analytical Applications of Bioluminescence and Chemiluminescence - Brussels Sept. 6-8, 1978.
Earlier methods have not always proved suitable for routine laboratory work in diagnostics, and the present invention has the potential for providing adequately for the needs of such work.
According to a first aspect of the invention, apparatus for luminescent determination of the amount or concentration of an analyte in a sample has a member having a plurality of cells, each adapted to contain a sample, and each having a window through which light can leave the cell; a test chamber adapted to receive at least part of the member containing a cell; a photodetector arranged to receive light emitted from a cell disposed at a testing station in said test chamber, and to provide an output signal dependent on said emitted light; and transport means adapted for moving the cells successively to the testing station.
According to another aspect of the invention there is provided a method of determining the amount or concentration of an analyte in a sample wherein there is carried out a luminescent reaction the light output from which is dependent on the said amount or concentration, and the light output being used to determine said amount or concentration, the analyte from the sample and a known amount of the same analyte labelled with a labelling substance being reacted with a specific reagent to produce a reaction product, and the amount or concentration of reacted or unreacted labelled analyte, the labelling substance being determinable, and hence the labelled analyte, by measuring the light output from a luminescent reaction in which the labelling substance takes part.
The term "specific reagent", used above, implies a reagent chosen to react with the particular analyte to be determined. For example, the analyte may be an antigen, in which case the specific reagent could be an antibody, or vice versa.
The luminescent reaction may be a chemiluminescent reaction or a bioluminescent reaction.
The invention will now be described, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawing wherein:
FIG. 1 shows a plan view of apparatus in accordance with the invention, an upper part of the apparatus being omitted,
FIG. 2 shows a side elevation of the parts shown in FIG. 1,
FIG. 3 shows a partial cross section on the line 3--3 of FIG. 1, and
FIG. 4 shows a partial cross section on the line 4--4 of FIG. 1.
The apparatus may be used in the determination of the amount or concentration of an analyte in a liquid sample. The analyte may be an antigen, for example a protein, or it may be a nucleotide, for example nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) or adencsine triphosphate (ATP) or a substrate from which one of these can be produced. In a case where the analyte is an antigen, the sample and a known amount of labelled antigen are reacted with an antibody for the antigen and the product of this reaction is separated, for example by precipitation, from the unreacted antigen. The labelled antigen is prepared by attaching to an antigen which is identical with the analyte a molecule which can participate in a luminescent reaction. The labelling molecule may be a luminescent reagent, for example luminol but is preferably an enzyme capable of catalysin
REFERENCES:
patent: 3359973 (1967-12-01), Hoffman
patent: 3504259 (1970-03-01), Dalton
patent: 3520660 (1970-07-01), Webb et al.
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patent: 3532469 (1970-10-01), Vicario
patent: 3813168 (1974-05-01), Honkawa
patent: 4016043 (1977-04-01), Schuurs et al.
patent: 4281387 (1981-07-01), Kraft
Seitz et al. Analytical Chemistry, vol. 46, No. 2 (Feb. 1974).
Schroeder et al., Analytical Chemistry, vol. 48, No. 13 (Nov. 1976).
Bunce Roger A.
Carter Timothy J. N.
Kennedy John H.
Kricka Larry J.
Whitehead Thomas P.
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