Apparatus and method for detecting flinch response to...

Surgery – Diagnostic testing – Detecting nuclear – electromagnetic – or ultrasonic radiation

Reexamination Certificate

Rate now

  [ 0.00 ] – not rated yet Voters 0   Comments 0

Details

C324S692000

Reexamination Certificate

active

06996429

ABSTRACT:
An apparatus and method for measuring spatial displacement of an animal's paw injected with irritant. This apparatus comprises an electromagnetic detecting assembly having (1) a transmitting oscillator for generating electrical current (2) an electromagnetic transmitter coil coupled to the oscillator for generating an electromagnetic field (3) an electromagnetic receiving coil placed in axial plane directly below the transmitter coil (4) a first, receiving amplifier connected to the receiving coil (5) an amplitude detector connected to the receiving amplifier (6) a second amplifier connected to the amplitude detector (7) a metal object attached to the animal's paw (8) and a cylindrical observation chamber of a diameter not greater than the diameter of the generated magnetic field.

REFERENCES:
patent: 4007420 (1977-02-01), Halek et al.
patent: 4688580 (1987-08-01), Ko et al.
patent: 4968974 (1990-11-01), Sakano
patent: 5458142 (1995-10-01), Farmer et al.
Abbadie, C., et al., “Differential Contribution of the Two Phases of the Formalin Test to the Pattern ofc-fosExpression in the Rat Spinal Code: Studies With Remifentanil and Lidocaine”,Pain, 69, (1997), 101-110.
Abbott, F. V., et al., “The Formalin Test: Scoring Properties of the First and Second Phases of the Pain Response in Rats”,Pain, 60, (1995),91-102.
Abram, S. E., et al., “Morphine, but not Inhalation Anaesthesia, Blocks Post-Injury Facilitation. The Role of Preemptive Suppression of Afferent Transmission”,Anesthesiology, 78(4), (1993), 713-721.
Abram, S. E., et al., “Systemic Lidocaine Blocks Nerve Injury-Induced Hyperalgesia and Nociceptor-Driven Spinal Sensitization in the Rat”,Anesthesiology, 80(2), (1994),383-391.
Aloisi, A. M., et al., “Behavioral Effects of Different Intensities of Formalin Pain in Rats”,Physiology&Behavior, 58(3), (1995),603-610.
Bannon, A. W., et al., “ABT-594 [(R)-5-(2-azetidinylmethoxy)-2-chloropyridine]: A Novel, Orally Effective Antinociceptive Agent Acting via Neuronal Nictotinic Acetylcholine Receptors: II. In Vivo Characterization”,The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, 285(2), (1998),787-794.
Bhatnagar, S. , et al., “The Effects of Prior Chronic Stress on Cardiovascular Responses to Acute Restraint and Formalin Injection”,Brain Research, 797, (1998),313-320.
Brennan, T. J., “AMPA/Kainate Receptor Antagonists as Novel Analgesic Agents”,Anesthesiology, 89(5), (1998), 1049-1051.
Buerkle, H. , et al., “Effect of Continuous Spinal Remifentanil Infusion on Behaviour and Spinal Glutamate Release Evoked by Subcutaneous Formalin in the Rat”,British Journal of Anaesthesia, 80, (1998),348-353.
Chaplan, S. R., et al., “Efficacy of Spinal NMDA Receptor Antagonism in Formalin Hyperalgesia and Nerve Injury Evoked Allodynia in the Rat”,Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, 280(2), (1997),829-838.
Clavelou, P. , et al., “The Orofacial Formalin Test in Rats: Effects of Different Formalin Concentrations”,Pain, 62, (1995),295-301.
Coderre, T. J., et al., “The Formalin Test: A Validation of the Weighted-Scores Method of Behavioral Pain Rating”,Pain, 54, (1993),43-50.
Dallel, R. , et al., “Evidence for a Peripheral Origin of the Tonic Nociceptive Response to Subcutanous Formalin”,Pain, 61, (1995), 11-16.
Dickenson, A. H., et al., “Peripheral Origins and Central Modulation of Subcutaneous Formalin-Induced Activity of Rat Dorsal Horn Neurones”,Neuroscience Letters, 83, (1987),207-211.
Dickerson, A. H., et al., “Chapter 36 Response Properties of Dorsal Horn Neurons: Pharmacology of the Dorsal Horn”,In: Anesthesia: Biologic Foundations, Yaksh, T., et al., Editors, Lippincott-Raven Publishers,(1997),611-624.
Dirig, D. M., et al., “Intrathecal Baclofen and Muscimol, but not Midazolam, are Antinociceptive Using the Rat-Formalin Model”,Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, 275(1), (1995),219-227.
Dray, A. , et al., “Systemic Capsaicin and Olvanil Reduce the Acute Algogenic and the Late Inflammatory Phase Following Formalin Injection into Rodent Paw”,Pain, 47, (1991),79-83.
Dubuisson, D. , et al., “The Formalin Test: A Quantitative Study of the Analgesic Effects of Morphine, Meperidine, and Brain Stem Stimulation in Rats and Cats”,Pain, 4, (1977),161-174.
Handwerker, H. O., “Electrophysiological Mechanisms in Inflammatory Pain”,Agents and Actions. Supplements, 32—Drugs in Inflammation, (1991),91-99.
Hunter, J. C., et al., “Role of Excitatory Amino Acid Receptors in the Mediation of the Nociceptive Response to Formalin in the Rat”,Neurosci Lett, 174, (1994),217-221.
Jett, M. F., et al., “The Formalin Test in Rat: Validation of an Automated System”,Pain, 64, (1996),19-25.
Jourdan, D. , et al., “A New Automated Method of Pain Scoring in the Formalin Test in Rats”,Pain, 71, (1997),267-270.
Malmberg, A. B., et al., “Antinociceptive Actions of Spinal Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Agents on the Formalin Test in the Rat”,The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, 263(1), (1992),136-146.
Malmberg, A. B., et al., “Antinociceptive Effect of Spinally Delivered Prostaglandin E Receptor Antagonists in the Formalin Test on the Rat”,Neuroscience Letters, 173, (1994),193-196.
Malmberg, A. B., et al., “Effect of Continuous Intrathecal Infusion of ω-conopeptides, N-type Calcium-Channel Blockers, on Behavior and Antinociception in the Formalin and Hot-Plate Tests in Rats”,Pain, 60, (1995),83-90.
Malmberg, A. B., et al., “Pharmacology of the Spinal Action of Ketorolac, Morphine, ST-91, U50588H, and L-PIA on the Formalin Test and an Isobolographic Analysis of the NSAID Interaction”,Anesthesiology, 79(2), (1993),270-281.
Malmberg, A. B., et al., “Spinal Nitric Oxide Synthesis Inhibition Blocks NMDA-Induced Thermal Hyperalgesia and Produces Antinociception in the Formalin Test in Rats”,Pain, 54, (1993),291-300.
Nozaki-Taguchi, N. , et al., “A Novel Model of Primary and Secondary Hyperalgesia After Mild Thermal Injury in the Rat”,Neuroscience Letters, 254, (1998),25-28.
Peterson, M. A., et al., “The Differential Contribution of Capsaicin-Sensitive Afferents to Behavioral and Cardiovascular Measures of Brief and Persistent Nociception and to Fos Expression in the Formalin Test”,Brain Research, 755(1), (1997),9-16.
Prado, W. A., et al., “Antinociceptive Effect of Intrathecal Neostigmine Evaluated in Rats by Two Different Pain Models”,Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research, 30, (1887), 1225-1231.
Price, D. D., “Psychophysical Observations on Patients With Neuropathic Pain Relivered by a Sympathetic Block”,Pain, 36,(1989),273-288.
Puig, S. , et al., “Formalin-Evoked Activity in identified Primary Afferent Fibers: Systemic Lidocaine Suppresses Phase-2 Activity”,Pain, 64, (1995),345-355.
Raboisson, P. , et al., “Effects of Subcutaneous Formalin on the Activity of Trigeminal Brain Stem Nociceptive Neurones in the Rat”,Journal of Neurophysiology, 73(2), (1995),496-505.
Shimoyama, N. , et al., “Spinal Gabapentin is Antinociceptive in the Rat Formalin Test”,Neuroscience Letters, 222(1), (1997),65-67.
Simmons, R. M., et al., “Kainate GluR5 Receptor Subtype Mediates the Nociceptive Response to Formalin in the Rat”,Neuropharmacology, 37, (1998),25-36.
Singh, L. , et al., “The Antiepileptic Agent Gabapentin (Neurontin) Possesses Anxiolytic-Like and Antinociceptive Actions that are Reversed by D-Serine”,Psychopharmacology, 127, (1996),1-9.
Tallarida, R. J., et al.,Manual of Pharmacologic Calculations With Computer Programs, (2nd Edition, 1987, Springer-Verlag New York, Inc.),p. 291.
Taylor, B. K., et al., “Early Nociceptive Events Influence the Temporal

LandOfFree

Say what you really think

Search LandOfFree.com for the USA inventors and patents. Rate them and share your experience with other people.

Rating

Apparatus and method for detecting flinch response to... does not yet have a rating. At this time, there are no reviews or comments for this patent.

If you have personal experience with Apparatus and method for detecting flinch response to..., we encourage you to share that experience with our LandOfFree.com community. Your opinion is very important and Apparatus and method for detecting flinch response to... will most certainly appreciate the feedback.

Rate now

     

Profile ID: LFUS-PAI-O-3695248

  Search
All data on this website is collected from public sources. Our data reflects the most accurate information available at the time of publication.