Sugar – starch – and carbohydrates – Processes – Carbohydrate manufacture and refining
Patent
1991-07-05
1993-03-23
Morris, Theodore
Sugar, starch, and carbohydrates
Processes
Carbohydrate manufacture and refining
127 1, 127 2, 162 72, 162 76, 162 50, C13K 102, D21C 320, D21C 500
Patent
active
051960699
ABSTRACT:
A method for pretreating a cellulosic waste product with microwaves is disclosed as well as a method and apparatus for converting cellulosic wastes into soluble saccharides. The invention greatly enhances a reaction rate for enzymatic hydrolysis. A feed mixture of cellulose, water and acetic acid are irradiated with microwaves at a superatmospheric pressure in an autoclave reaction vessel and the treated cellulose is enzymatically hydrolyzed in a bioreactor. The acid and enzymes are optionally separated for reuse. As a feed stock for the culture of microbes, the sugars can be further processed into ethanol or food protein. High yield, low hazard potential, low energy usage and ready preparation in space of acetic acid and the enzyme makes the present invention well suited for use on long duration space missions.
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Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Cellulose, Theory and Applications, C. R. Wilke et al., Chemical Technology Review #218, 1983.
Enhancement of Enzymatic Susceptibility of Lignocellulosic Wastes by Microwave Irradiation, Jun-ichi Azuma et al., Journal of Fermentation Technology, vol. 62, #4, pp. 377-384, 1984.
Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Cellulose & Simultaneous Fermentation to Alcohol, P. J. Blotkamp et al., American Institute of Chemical Engineering (AIChE) Symposium Series No. 181, vol. 74, 1981, pp. 85-90.
Cullingford Hatice S.
George Clifford E.
Lightsey George R.
Barr Hardie R.
Fein Edward K.
Hailey P. L.
Miller Guy M.
Morris Theodore
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